Sodium hydroxide, caustic soda
Sodium hydroxide, wanda aka fi sani da soda caustickuma ana kiranta da "Brother's" a Hong Kong saboda wannan laƙabin.Wani fili ne na inorganic da farin crystal a yanayin zafi na al'ada, tare da lalata mai ƙarfi.Alkali ne na kowa da kowa, kuma yana da kasancewarsa a masana'antar sinadarai, karafa, yin takarda, man fetur, masaku, abinci, har ma da masana'antun kayan shafawa da na cream.
Sodium hydroxide yana da matuƙar narkewa a cikin ruwa kuma yana sakin zafi mai yawa a gaban ruwa da tururi.Idan aka fallasa iska, sodium hydroxide zai sha damshin da ke cikin iska, kuma a hankali ya narke lokacin da saman ya jike, wannan shi ne abin da muke kira "deliquescence" a daya bangaren kuma, zai amsa da carbon dioxide a cikin iska kuma ya lalace. .Don haka, ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman a cikin ajiya da marufi na sodium hydroxide.Baya ga halayen zama mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, sodium hydroxide kuma yana narkewa a cikin ethanol, glycerol, amma ba a cikin ether, acetone, da ammonia ruwa ba.Bugu da kari, ya kamata a lura da cewa sodium hydroxide ruwa bayani ne mai karfi alkaline, astringent da m, kuma yana da karfi lalata.
Za a iya raba sodium hydroxide da aka sayar a kasuwa zuwa tsantsa tsantsa mai tsaftataccen soda da ruwa mai tsaftataccen ruwa mai tsafta.Daga cikin su, tsantsar tsantsa mai tsaftataccen ruwan soda fari ne, a cikin nau'i na toshe, takarda, sanda da barbashi, da gatsewa;Ruwa mai tsabta caustic soda mara launi kuma ruwa mai haske.
1. Chemical albarkatun kasa:
A matsayin albarkatun kasa mai ƙarfi na alkaline, ana iya amfani da sodium hydroxide don samar da borax, sodium cyanide, formic acid, oxalic acid, phenol, da dai sauransu, ko kuma amfani da su a masana'antar sinadarai na inorganic da masana'antar sinadarai.
1)Inorganic sunadarai masana'antu:
① Ana amfani da shi don kera salts sodium daban-daban da hydroxides masu nauyi.
② Ana amfani da shi don leaching alkaline na ores.
③ Daidaita ƙimar pH na hanyoyin amsawa daban-daban.
2)Masana'antar sinadarai:
① Ana amfani da sodium hydroxide don saponification dauki don samar da nucleophilic anionic matsakaici.
② Dehalogenation na halogenated mahadi.
③ Hydroxyl mahadi ana samarwa ta hanyar narkewar alkali.
④ Ana samar da alkali kyauta daga gishirin alkali.
⑤ Ana amfani dashi azaman mai kara kuzari a yawancin halayen sinadarai na kwayoyin halitta.
2. Samar da wanki
Sodium hydroxide saponified man za a iya amfani da su yin sabulu da amsa tare da alkyl aromatic sulfonic acid don samar da aiki bangaren wanka.Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da sodium hydroxide don samar da sodium phosphate a matsayin wani ɓangare na kayan wanka.
1)Sabulu:
Kera sabulu shine mafi tsufa kuma mafi yawan amfani da soda caustic.
An yi amfani da sodium hydroxide don amfanin yau da kullun na gargajiya.Har zuwa yau, buƙatun soda na sabulu, sabulu da sauran nau'ikan kayan wankewa har yanzu suna da kusan kashi 15% na soda.
Babban bangaren mai da kayan lambu mai shine triglyceride (triacylglycerol)
Ma'auni na alkali hydrolysis shine:
(RCOO) 3C3H5 (maikowa)+3NaOH=3 (RCOONa) (mai yawan fatty acid sodium)+C3H8O3 (glycerol)
Wannan halayen shine ka'idar samar da sabulu, don haka ana kiran shi saponification reaction.
Tabbas, tushen R a cikin wannan tsari na iya bambanta, amma R-COONA da aka samar ana iya amfani dashi azaman sabulu.
Common R - su ne:
C17H33 -: 8-heptadecenyl, R-COOH shine oleic acid.
C15H31 -: n-pentadecyl, R-COOH shine palmitic acid.
C17H35 -: n-octadecyl, R-COOH shine stearic acid.
2)Abun wanka:
Ana amfani da sodium hydroxide don samar da abubuwan wanke-wanke daban-daban, har ma da foda na yau da kullun (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate da sauran abubuwan da aka gyara) kuma ana samar da su daga babban adadin caustic soda, wanda ake amfani da shi don kawar da wuce haddi na sulfuric acid bayan sulfonation.
3. Masana'antar Yadi
1) Masana'antar yadi sau da yawa suna amfani da maganin sodium hydroxide don samar da fiber viscose.Zaɓuɓɓukan wucin gadi, irin su rayon, rayon, da rayon, galibin filayen viscose ne, waɗanda aka yi su daga cellulose, sodium hydroxide, da carbon disulfide (CS2) a matsayin albarkatun ƙasa cikin maganin viscose, sannan a jujjuya su.
2) Hakanan ana iya amfani da sodium hydroxide don maganin fiber da rini, da kuma yin amfani da fiber na auduga.Bayan an yi amfani da kayan auduga tare da maganin soda, za a iya cire kakin zuma, maiko, sitaci da sauran abubuwan da ke rufe masana'antar auduga, kuma ana iya ƙara launin mercerizing na masana'anta don sanya rini ya zama iri ɗaya.
4. Narkewa
1) Yi amfani da sodium hydroxide don sarrafa bauxite don cire alumina mai tsabta;
2) Yi amfani da sodium hydroxide don cire tungstate a matsayin albarkatun kasa don tungsten smelting daga wolframite;
3) Hakanan ana amfani da sodium hydroxide don samar da zinc gami da ingot na zinc;
4) Bayan an wanke su da acid sulfuric, man fetur har yanzu yana dauke da wasu abubuwa na acidic.Dole ne a wanke su da maganin sodium hydroxide sannan a wanke su da ruwa don samun kayan da aka tace.
5. Magani
Ana iya amfani da sodium hydroxide azaman maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta.Shirya maganin 1% ko 2% caustic soda ruwan soda, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta ga masana'antar abinci, kuma yana iya lalata kayan aikin, injina, da taron karawa juna sani da gurbataccen mai ko sukari mai yawa.
6. Yin takarda
Sodium hydroxide yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin masana'antar takarda.Saboda yanayin alkaline, ana amfani da shi wajen aiwatar da tafasasshen takarda da bleaching.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su don yin takarda sune tsire-tsire na itace ko ciyawa, wanda ya ƙunshi ba kawai cellulose ba, har ma da adadi mai yawa na wadanda ba cellulose (lignin, danko, da dai sauransu).Ƙara bayani mai narkewa sodium hydroxide zai iya narke da raba abubuwan da ba cellulose ba, don haka yin ɓangaren litattafan almara tare da cellulose a matsayin babban sashi.
7. Abinci
A cikin sarrafa abinci, ana iya amfani da sodium hydroxide azaman tsaka tsaki na acid, kuma ana iya amfani dashi don kwasfa lemun tsami.Matsakaicin maganin sodium hydroxide da ake amfani da shi don kwasfa ya bambanta da nau'ikan 'ya'yan itace.Alal misali, ana amfani da maganin sodium hydroxide 0.8% a cikin samar da lemu mai gwangwani tare da cikewar sukari mai cike da ruwa;Misali, maganin sodium hydroxide tare da maida hankali na 13% ~ 16% ana amfani dashi don samar da peach ruwan sukari.
Ma'aunin amincin abinci na kasar Sin don amfani da abubuwan da ake kara abinci (GB2760-2014) ya nuna cewa ana iya amfani da sodium hydroxide a matsayin kayan sarrafa kayan abinci, kuma ragowar ba ta da iyaka.
8. Maganin ruwa
Ana amfani da sodium hydroxide sosai wajen maganin ruwa.A cikin tsire-tsire masu kula da najasa, sodium hydroxide na iya rage taurin ruwa ta hanyar daidaitawa.A cikin masana'antu filin, shi ne mai mayar da ion musayar resin farfadowa.Sodium hydroxide yana da alkalinity mai ƙarfi kuma yana da ƙarancin narkewa cikin ruwa.Saboda sodium hydroxide yana da ƙarancin narkewa a cikin ruwa, yana da sauƙin auna adadin kuma ana iya amfani dashi a fannoni daban-daban na maganin ruwa.
Yin amfani da sodium hydroxide a cikin maganin ruwa ya haɗa da abubuwa masu zuwa:
1) Kawar da taurin ruwa;
2) Daidaita ƙimar pH na ruwa;
3) Tsabtace ruwan sharar gida;
4) Kawar da ions mai nauyi a cikin ruwa ta hanyar hazo;
5) Sabunta guduro musayar ion.
9. Gwajin sinadarai.
Baya ga amfani da shi azaman reagent, ana kuma iya amfani da shi azaman desiccant na alkaline saboda ƙaƙƙarfan shayar ruwa da ɓacin rai.Hakanan yana iya ɗaukar iskar acid (misali, a cikin gwajin sulfur mai ƙonewa a cikin iskar oxygen, ana iya sanya maganin sodium hydroxide a cikin kwalba don ɗaukar sulfur dioxide mai guba).
A takaice dai, ana amfani da sinadarin sodium hydroxide sosai a fannoni da yawa, ciki har da kera sinadarai, yin takarda, narkewar aluminum, narkewar tungsten, rayon, auduga na wucin gadi da kera sabulu, da kuma samar da rini, robobi, magunguna da tsaka-tsakin kwayoyin halitta. , sabuntar tsohuwar roba, samar da ƙarfe na sodium, electrolysis na ruwa da samar da gishiri mara kyau, da kuma samar da borax, chromate, manganate, phosphate, da dai sauransu, wanda ke buƙatar babban adadin caustic soda, wato sodium hydroxide.
10. Bangaren makamashi
A fannin makamashi, ana iya amfani da sodium hydroxide don samar da ƙwayoyin mai.Kamar batura, ƙwayoyin mai na iya ba da ƙarfi mai tsabta da inganci don aikace-aikace da yawa, gami da sufuri, sarrafa kayan aiki, da ƙayyadaddun, šaukuwa da aikace-aikacen wutar jiran aiki na gaggawa.Epoxy resin da aka yi ta ƙara sodium hydroxide za a iya amfani dashi don injin turbin iska.
Gabatarwa:
Sodium hydroxide mai tsantsar anhydrous shine farin kristal mai ɗorewa.Sodium hydroxide yana narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa, kuma mai narkewa yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓakar zafin jiki.Lokacin da aka narkar da shi, yana iya sakin zafi mai yawa.A 288K, cikakken bayani maida hankali zai iya kai 26.4 mol / L (1: 1).Maganin sa mai ruwa da ruwa yana da ɗanɗanon astringent da m.Maganin yana da ƙarfi alkaline kuma yana da duk kaddarorin alkali.Akwai nau'ikan soda iri biyu da ake sayar da su a kasuwa: Soda mai kauri fari ce, kuma tana cikin nau'in toshe, zane, sanda da granule, kuma yana karye;Ruwa mai tsabta caustic soda mara launi kuma ruwa mai haske.Sodium hydroxide kuma yana narkewa a cikin ethanol da glycerol;Duk da haka, ba shi da narkewa a cikin ether, acetone da ruwa ammonia.
Bayyanar:
White translucent crystalline m
Ajiya:
Ajiye sodium hydroxide a cikin akwati marar ruwa, sanya shi a wuri mai tsabta kuma mai sanyi, kuma a ware shi daga wurin aiki da abubuwan da aka haramta.Wurin ajiya ya kamata ya sami kayan aikin samun iska daban.Yakamata a kula da marufi, lodawa da saukar da ƙwanƙwaran flake da granular caustic soda tare da kulawa don hana fakitin lalacewa ga jikin ɗan adam.
Amfani:
Ana amfani da sodium hydroxide sosai.Baya ga amfani da shi azaman reagent a gwaje-gwajen sinadarai, ana kuma iya amfani da shi azaman desiccant na alkaline saboda ƙarfinsa na sha ruwa.Ana amfani da sodium hydroxide sosai a cikin tattalin arzikin ƙasa, kuma yawancin sassan masana'antu suna buƙatarsa.Bangaren da ya fi amfani da sodium hydroxide shi ne kera sinadarai, sannan yin takarda, narkar da aluminum, smelting tungsten, rayon, rayon da kera sabulu.Bugu da kari, wajen samar da rini, robobi, magunguna da masu tsaka-tsakin kwayoyin halitta, sake farfado da tsohuwar roba, da electrolysis na karfe sodium da ruwa, da samar da gishirin inorganic, samar da borax, chromate, manganate, phosphate, da sauransu. , Har ila yau yana buƙatar yin amfani da babban adadin soda.
Shiryawa:
Soda mai ƙarfi na masana'antu za a cika shi a cikin ganguna na ƙarfe ko wasu kwantena masu rufaffiyar tare da kauri na bango na 0 Sama da 5mm, juriya mai ƙarfi sama da 0.5Pa, murfin ganga dole ne a rufe shi da ƙarfi, nauyin net na kowane ganga shine 200kg, kuma flake alkali shine 25kg.Fakitin za a yi masa alama a fili tare da "lalata abubuwa".Lokacin da soda caustic soda mai cin abinci ke jigilar ta motar tanki ko tankin ajiya, dole ne a tsaftace shi bayan an yi amfani da shi sau biyu.
Ingantattun samfuran sun fi girma sosai.Abin da ya ba ni mamaki shi ne, halin hidimar kamfanin tun daga lokacin da na karɓi wannan tambaya har zuwa lokacin da na tabbatar da cewa an karɓi kaya a matakin farko ne, wanda hakan ya sa na ji daɗi sosai da farin ciki sosai.
Sabis na kamfanin yana da ban mamaki sosai.Duk kayan da aka karɓa an cika su da kyau kuma an haɗa su tare da alamomi masu dacewa.Marufi yana da matsewa kuma saurin kayan aiki yana da sauri.
Lokacin da na zaɓi abokan hulɗa, na gano cewa tayin kamfanin yana da tsada sosai, ingancin samfuran da aka karɓa shima yana da kyau sosai, kuma an haɗa takaddun binciken da ya dace.Haɗin kai ne mai kyau!
