10.Escondida, Chile
Mallakar ma'adinan ESCONDIDA a Desert Atacama a arewacin Chile an raba tsakanin BHP Billiton (57.5%) , Rio Tinto (30%) da kamfanonin hadin gwiwa da Mitsubishi ke jagoranta (12.5% hade) .Ma’adinan ya kai kashi 5 cikin 100 na yawan tagulla da ake nomawa a duniya a shekarar 2016. Noma ya fara raguwa a shekarun baya-bayan nan, kuma BHP Billiton ya ce a cikin rahotonta na shekarar 2019 kan fa’idar ma’adinan cewa samar da tagulla a Escondida ya ragu da kashi 6 bisa dari daga shekarar da ta gabata zuwa 1.135. ton miliyan, ana tsammanin raguwa, saboda kamfanin ya yi hasashen raguwar kashi 12 cikin dari na darajar tagulla.A cikin 2018, BHP ta buɗe tashar ESCONDIDA don amfani da ita a cikin ma'adinai, sannan mafi girma a cikin lalata.A sannu a hankali kamfanin ya kara fadada ayyukansa, inda ruwan da aka datse ya kai kashi 40 cikin 100 na ruwan da masana'antar ke amfani da shi a karshen kasafin kudin shekarar 2019. Fadada kamfanin da ake shirin fara bayarwa a farkon rabin shekarar 2020, ya yi tasiri. wani gagarumin tasiri a kan ci gaban dukan mine.
Rubutun bayani:
Babban ma'adinai: Copper
Mai aiki: BHP Billiton (BHP)
Farawa: 1990
Yawan samarwa na shekara: 1,135 kilotons (2019)
09. Mir, Rasha
Ma'adinan niƙa na Siberiya ya taɓa kasancewa mafi girma na ma'adinan lu'u-lu'u a tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet.Ma'adanin budadden rami na da zurfin mita 525 da diamita kilomita 1.2.Ana la'akari da shi a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan ramukan hakowa a duniya kuma shi ne ginshiƙin tsohuwar masana'antar lu'u-lu'u na Soviet.Budadden rami da aka yi aiki daga 1957 zuwa 2001, an rufe shi a hukumance a shekara ta 2004, an sake buɗe shi a cikin 2009 kuma ya koma ƙarƙashin ƙasa.A lokacin da aka rufe shi a shekara ta 2001, an kiyasta ma'adinin ya samar da muggan lu'u-lu'u na dala biliyan 17.Kamfanin hakar ma'adinin na Siberiya, wanda yanzu haka yake karkashin kamfanin Alrosa, babban kamfanin lu'u-lu'u na kasar Rasha, yana samar da lu'u-lu'u kilogiram 2,000 a shekara, kashi 95 cikin 100 na yawan lu'u-lu'u da ake nomawa a kasar, kuma ana sa ran zai ci gaba da aiki har zuwa shekara ta 2059.
Rubutun bayani:
Babban ma'adinai: lu'u-lu'u
Mai aiki: Alrosa
Saukewa: 1957
Abubuwan da ake samarwa a shekara: 2,000 kg
08. Boddington, Ostiraliya
Ma'adinan BODDINGTON shine ma'adinin zinare mafi girma na budadden rami a Ostiraliya, wanda ya zarce sanannen babban ma'adinan (Feston open-pit) lokacin da ya koma samarwa a shekarar 2009. Ma'adinan zinare a Boddington da Maanfeng greenstone bel a Yammacin Ostiraliya sune nau'in bel na zinari na yau da kullun.Bayan haɗin gwiwa ta hanyoyi uku tsakanin Newmont, Anglogoldashanti da Newcrest, Newmont ya sami hannun jari a AngloGold a cikin 2009, ya zama mai shi kaɗai kuma ma'aikacin kamfanin.Har ila yau, ma'adinan na samar da sulfate na jan karfe, kuma a cikin Maris 2011, shekaru biyu kawai, ya samar da tan 28.35 na farko na zinariya.Newmont ya ƙaddamar da aikin kashe iskar carbon dazuzzuka a Burdington a cikin 2009 kuma ya dasa shukar dawakai 800,000 a New South Wales da Western Australia.Kamfanin ya kiyasta cewa wadannan bishiyoyi za su sha kusan tan 300,000 na carbon a cikin shekaru 30 zuwa 50, yayin da suke inganta gishirin ƙasa da bambancin halittu na gida, da kuma tallafawa Dokar Tsabtace Makamashi na Australiya da shirin noma na Carbon, shirin aikin ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gina ginin. na kore ma'adinai.
Rubutun bayani:
Babban ma'adinai: Zinariya
Mai aiki: Newmont
Farawa: 1987
Abubuwan da ake samarwa a shekara: 21.8 ton
07. Kiruna, Sweden
Ma'adinan KIRUNA a Lapland, Sweden, ita ce ma'adinan ƙarfe mafi girma a duniya kuma yana da kyau don kallon Aurora Borealis.An fara hako ma'adinan ne a shekara ta 1898 kuma yanzu haka kamfanin Luossavara-kiirunaara Aktiebolag (LKAB) mallakar gwamnati ne ke sarrafa shi, wani kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na kasar Sweden.Girman ma'adinin ƙarfe na Kiruna ya sa birnin Kiruna ya yanke shawara a shekara ta 2004 don mayar da tsakiyar birnin saboda hadarin da zai sa saman ya nutse.An fara ƙaura a cikin 2014 kuma za a sake gina tsakiyar birnin a shekarar 2022. A watan Mayun 2020, girgizar ƙasa mai karfin awo 4.9 ta afku a ma'adinan ma'adinai saboda ayyukan hakar ma'adinai.Dangane da ma'aunin tsarin sa ido kan girgizar ƙasa, zurfin tsakiyar yanki na kusan kilomita 1.1.
Rubutun bayani:
Babban ma'adinai: ƙarfe
Mai aiki: LKAB
Farawa: 1989
Abubuwan da ake samarwa a shekara: ton miliyan 26.9 (2018)
06. Red Dog, Amurka
Ana zaune a yankin Alaska na Arctic, ma'adinan Red Dog shine mafi girman ma'adinin zinc a duniya.Kamfanin Teck Resources ne ke tafiyar da ma'adinan, wanda kuma ke samar da gubar da azurfa.Ana sa ran ma'adinin da ke samar da kusan kashi 10% na sinadarin Zinc na duniya zai yi aiki har zuwa shekara ta 2031. An soki mahakar ma'adinan saboda illar da ke tattare da muhalli, inda rahoton Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka ta ce tana fitar da wasu abubuwa masu guba a cikin muhalli fiye da kowane iri. makaman a Amurka.Kodayake dokar alaskan ta ba da damar fitar da ruwan datti a cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na kogin, Tektronix ya fuskanci shari'a a cikin 2016 kan gurbatar kogin Urik.Har yanzu, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka ta ƙyale Alaska ta cire Red Dog Creek da ke kusa da rafin ICARUS daga jerin mafi ƙazantar ruwa.
Rubutun bayani:
Babban ma'adinai: Zinc
Mai gudanarwa: Teck Resources
Farawa: 1989
Abubuwan da ake samarwa a shekara: 515,200 ton
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-22-2022