05. Carajás, Brazil
KARAGAS ita ce kasa mafi girma a duniya da ke samar da ma'adinan ƙarfe, tare da kiyasin tanadi na kusan tan biliyan 7.2.Ma'aikacin ma'adinan ta, Vale, ɗan ƙasar Brazil ƙwararrun karafa da ƙwararrun ma'adinai, ita ce mafi girma a duniya da ke samar da tama da nickel kuma tana aiki da wuraren samar da wutar lantarki tara.Ma’adinan na samun wutar lantarki ne daga madatsar ruwan Tukurui da ke kusa, daya daga cikin mafi inganci a Brazil kuma aikin samar da wutar lantarki na farko da aka kammala a dajin Amazon.Tukuri, duk da haka, yana wajen ikon Vale.Karagas ƙarfe ƙarfe ne jauhari a rawanin Vale.Dutsen nata ya ƙunshi ƙarfe 67 bisa 100 don haka yana samar da mafi ingancin tama.Jerin wurare a ma'adinan sun ƙunshi kashi 3 cikin 100 na duk gandun daji na Brazil, kuma CVRD ta himmatu wajen kare sauran kashi 97 cikin ɗari ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da ICMBIO da IBAMA.Daga cikin sauran ayyukan ci gaba mai dorewa, Vale ya ɓullo da tsarin sake sarrafa tama wanda zai baiwa kamfanin damar sarrafa tan miliyan 5.2 na tama mai kyau da aka ajiye a cikin tafkunan wutsiya.
Rubutun bayani:
Babban ma'adinai: ƙarfe
Mai aiki: Vale
Farawa: 1969
Abubuwan da ake samarwa a shekara: ton miliyan 104.88 (2013)
04. Grasberg, Indonesia
An san shi tsawon shekaru da yawa a matsayin ajiyar zinare mafi girma a duniya, ajiyar zinare na Glasberg a Indonesiya wani ajiya ne na zinare na yau da kullun, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a cikin tsakiyar 1980s, ba sai an yi bincike a 1988 a PT Freeport Indonesia ba. suna da gagarumin ajiyar da har yanzu ake hakowa.An kiyasta kudaden ajiyarsa ya kai kusan dala biliyan 40 kuma yawancin mallakar Freeport-McMoRan ne tare da hadin gwiwar Rio Tinto, daya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai a duniya.Ma'adinan yana da ma'auni na musamman kuma shine mafi girma na zinariya a duniya (5030m) .Wani bangare ne budadden rami da wani bangare na karkashin kasa.Ya zuwa 2016, kusan kashi 75% na abin da yake fitarwa ya fito ne daga ma'adinan ramin buɗe ido.Freeport-McMoRan yana shirin kammala shigar da sabon tanderu a shuka nan da 2022.
Rubutun bayani:
Babban ma'adinai: Zinariya
Mai aiki: PT Freeport Indonesia
Saukewa: 1972
Abubuwan da ake samarwa na shekara: ton 26.8 (2019)
03. Debmarine, Namibia
Debmarine Namibia ta sha bamban da cewa ba taki ba ce, amma jerin ayyukan hakar ma'adinai a teku karkashin jagorancin Debmarine Namibia, wani kamfani na hadin gwiwa 50-50 tsakanin kungiyar De Beer da gwamnatin Namibiya.An gudanar da aikin ne a gabar tekun kudancin Namibiya kuma kamfanin ya tura wasu jiragen ruwa guda biyar domin kwato lu'ulu'u.A watan Mayun 2019, kamfanin haɗin gwiwar ya sanar da cewa zai haɓaka tare da ƙaddamar da jirgin ruwa na farko na dawo da lu'u-lu'u a duniya, wanda zai fara aiki a cikin 2022 akan dala miliyan 468.Debmarine Namibia ta yi iƙirarin cewa ita ce jari mafi daraja a tarihin masana'antar lu'u-lu'u ta ruwa.Ana gudanar da ayyukan hakar ma'adinai ta hanyar fasaha mai mahimmanci guda biyu: hakowa ta iska da fasahohin ma'adinai irin na crawler.Kowane jirgin ruwa a cikin rundunar yana iya bin diddigin ganowa, ganowa da kuma bincika gaɓar teku, ta yin amfani da fasahar haƙowa ta zamani don haɓaka samarwa.
Rubutun bayani:
Babban ma'adinai: lu'u-lu'u
Mai aiki: Debmarine Namibia
Saukewa: 2002
Abubuwan da ake samarwa na shekara: CARATS MILIYAN 1.4
02. Morenci, Amurka
Moresi, Arizona, yana daya daga cikin manyan masu samar da tagulla a duniya, tare da kiyasin tanadin tan biliyan 3.2 da abun cikin tagulla na kashi 0.16 cikin dari.Freeport-McMoRan yana da mafi yawan hannun jari a ma'adinan kuma Sumitomo yana da kashi 28 cikin 100 na ayyukansa.Ana hakar ma'adinan budadden rami tun 1939 kuma tana samar da kusan tan 102,000 na taman tagulla a shekara.Da farko aka hako ma'adinan karkashin kasa, ma'adinan ya fara canjawa zuwa budadden rami a shekarar 1937. Ma'adinin MORESI, wani muhimmin bangaren ayyukan sojan Amurka a lokacin yakin, ya kusan ninka nasa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.Biyu daga cikin masana'anta na tarihi an daina aiki tare da sake yin amfani da su, na biyun ya daina aiki a 1984. A shekarar 2015, an kammala aikin fadada masana'antar karafa, wanda ya kara karfin masana'antar zuwa kusan tan 115,000 a kowace rana.Ana sa ran ma'adinan zai kai 2044.
Rubutun bayani:
Babban ma'adinai: Copper
Mai aiki: Freeport-McMoRan
Saukewa: 1939
Abubuwan da ake samarwa a shekara: ton 102,000
01. Mponeng, Afirka ta Kudu
Ma'adinin Zinariya na MPONENG, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 65 yamma da Johannesburg kuma kusan kilomita 4 a kasa da saman Gauteng, shi ne mafi zurfin ajiyar zinare a duniya bisa ka'idojin saman.Tare da zurfin ma'adinan, zafin saman Dutsen ya kai kusan 66 ° C, kuma an zubar da slurry na kankara a cikin ƙasa, yana rage zafin iska a ƙasa 30 ° C.Ma'adinan yana amfani da fasahar sa ido na lantarki don haɓaka amincin masu hakar ma'adinai, fasaha na taimakawa wajen sanar da ma'aikatan karkashin kasa da sauri da ingantaccen bayanin aminci.Anglogold Ashanti ya mallaki kuma yana sarrafa ma'adinan, amma ya amince ya sayar da wurin ga Harmony Gold a watan Fabrairun 2020. Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2020, Harmony Gold ya tara sama da dala miliyan 200 don samun kuɗin sayan kadarorin MPONENG mallakar AngloGold.
Rubutun bayani:
Babban ma'adinai: Zinariya
Mai aiki: Harmony Gold
Farawa: 1981
Abubuwan da ake samarwa a shekara: 9.9 ton
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-22-2022