Dakatar da kuskuren sodium sulfide!

"Wani matsala!"Wani mutum sanye da rigar maganin kashe-kashe ya ja abin rufe fuska na iskar gas cikin rashin haquri, “Kai, ɗan’uwa, wannan abu yana da dafi sosai, komai damuwa, dole ne ka ɗauki duk waɗannan abubuwan tare da kai!”Wani Dogon ya mika hannunsa mai safar hannu na roba ya dafa kafadar mutumin.“Amma kar ka gaya mani, wannan abu yana sayarwa sosai.Na yi odar wani rukunin kaya jiya.Idan na sami kuɗin, ni da ɗan’uwana za mu je mu sha ruwa!”

Sodium Sulfide ya kalli jiga-jigan mutanen biyu da sannu a hankali ke tafiya, amma rashin hakurin mutumin a yanzu yana cikin zuciyarsa, kamar ya koma lokacin da kowa ya guje shi tuntuni…

l Ba a son sodium sulfide

“Mene ne wannan!Hannuna, hannuna ya yi zafi sosai!”

“Me yake da wari!Me ya sa yake wari kamar ruɓaɓɓen qwai!”

Wasu mutane sun yi ihu da kakkausar murya yayin da suke rike da jajayen hannayensu da suka yayyage, wasu kuma sun rufe hanci suna nuni da hakan, lamarin ya zama rugujewa.

Nan da nan sai wani ya nuna wani tulin fulawar ja-launin ruwan-kasa da ruwan rawaya-kaki-ya yi ihu: “Wannan shi ne!Sodium sulfide ne!"

Sodium sulfide da aka kira sunansa ya yi rawar jiki ba zato ba tsammani, kamar wani ya daki wani mahimmin batu kuma bai yi nisa ba.

Lokacin da yake tare da sauran sinadarai a da, wani nau'i ne na daban.Ya san cewa yana da guba, ko kuma mai guba sosai.Yana iya zama kawai tare da sauran abokai masu guba, kuma waɗanda ba za su iya amfani da shi ba sun guje shi., mutanen da za su iya amfani da shi ma za su sami matsala sosai.

Sodium Sulfide ya kalli taron masu tahowa da tafiya, kuma yana so ya musanta cewa lallai ba abin tsoro bane, amma ya sake duban “al’amuran tsaro” da aka buga a bango.

Sodium sulfide ya sauke kansa, ta yaya zai karyata?Wadancan mutanen sun yi gaskiya, hakika mutum ne mai matukar damuwa.

Yi hankali kada ku ci shi bisa ga kuskure, ko ma kawai warin da yake fitarwa, kuma wani lokacin kuna buƙatar sanya abin rufe fuska;koda tausasawa mai sauqi yana haifar da jajayen jiki da hargitsi saboda gurbacewarsa, ta yadda duk mutanen da suka yi mu'amala da shi dole ne ma'aikatansa su sanya safar hannu na roba har ma da sanya tufafin aiki na hana lalata;Bugu da kari, dole ne a kula don kauce wa yabo da kuma kula da samar da ruwan sha.Idan ba a kula da iskar da aka narkar da ita yadda ya kamata ba, sulfide a cikin ruwa yana da sauƙin yin hydrolyzed, a cikin nau'in H2S Yana fitowa cikin iska, tashin zuciya da amai nan da nan bayan an sha shi cikin adadi mai yawa da mutane, har ma da wahalar numfashi. , shaƙewa, da dai sauransu, yana haifar da ma'anar guba mai ƙarfi.Idan ya kai 15-30mg/m3 a cikin iska, zai haifar da kumburin ƙwayar ido da kuma lalata jijiyar gani.H2S da aka watsar a cikin iska yana shakar da mutane na dogon lokaci, kuma zai amsa tare da cytochrome, oxidase da disulfide bond a cikin sunadaran jikin mutum da amino acid a cikin jikin mutum, yana shafar tsarin oxidation na sel, haifar da hypoxia a cikin sel, kuma yana yin haɗari. lafiyar mutum.rayuwa.Kuma idan ba a kula da ruwan sha da kyau ba, yana haifar da shan ruwa mai yawa na sulfide na dogon lokaci, zai haifar da rashin ɗanɗano, asarar ci, asarar nauyi, rashin girma gashi, gazawa da mutuwa a lokuta masu tsanani.

Sodium Sulfide ya numfasa, ya juya cewa yana da matukar damuwa.

l Sodium sulfide: Gaskiya ne cewa yana da guba, kuma gaskiya ne cewa yana da amfani

"Sodium sulfide again."

Lokacin da na ji wannan jumla, sodium sulfide ya sami sauƙi.Ana gab da fara aiki.Idan aka kwatanta da zama a cikin ɗakin ajiya mara zafi da bushewa, ya fi son a jiƙa a cikin ruwa, narkar da shi, ko gauraye da wasu sinadarai.Samfurin yana da amsa mai ban mamaki.

"Hai, yaro.Kuna da kyau.Kuna da amfani da yawa, fage-fagen fage, da ingantaccen aiki.Ba mamaki akwai mutane da yawa suna yin oda.”

“Da gaske?Ina da amfani da gaske?”

Sodium sulfide ya d'aga kai, idanunsa cike da kwarjini, amma duk da haka jikinsa a lumshe yake, bai k'arasa gaba ba.

“Tabbas, kun ga, za ku iya yin rini na sulfur a cikin masana'antar rini, waɗanda za su iya zama albarkatun ƙasa na sulfur cyan da sulfur blue;Cire gashi;shirye-shiryen sodium polysulfide don haɓaka busassun fata jiƙa da laushi shima yana da mahimmanci;Hakanan ana amfani da ku azaman wakili na dafa abinci don takarda a cikin masana'antar takarda;denitrification da rage nitrates a masana'antar masaku suma aikinku ne;mordant rini ga auduga masana'anta rini wakili;har ma a cikin masana'antar harhada magunguna, ana iya amfani da shi don samar da magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta kamar phenacetin;Ba waɗannan kadai ba, za ku iya amfani da shi don yin sodium thiosulfate, sodium hydrosulfide, sodium polysulfide, da dai sauransu. Waɗannan duk naku ne Yana aiki!"

Sodium sulfide yayi tunani game da shi na dogon lokaci a wannan rana.Har yanzu yana da amfani, ba wai kawai yana da gazawa ba.Tunda yana da matsala, ya kamata a yi amfani da shi sosai.Wannan ita ce hanya mafi kyau da abin da ya kamata ya yi.

A cikin masana'antar ƙarfe, yana iya kawar da ƙazantattun ions kamar Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, da sauransu.Nazarin ya nuna cewa sarrafa pH a kusan 5 da ƙara Na2S zuwa ƙananan duniya eluate don cire ƙazanta ba kawai yana da tasiri mai kyau na kawar da ƙazanta ba, amma kuma baya rasa ƙasa mai wuya.

Ko kuma magance ruwa mai dauke da sinadarin mercury wanda ke da matukar illa ga muhalli da lafiyar dan Adam.A cikin masana'antar yin soda, abun ciki na mercury a cikin ruwan sharar da aka fitar gabaɗaya yana da girma, ya zarce ma'aunin duniya (0.05mg/L).A cikin bayani mai rauni (pH 8-11), ions na mercury na iya haifar da hazo maras narkewa tare da sodium sulfide.Ana iya gani daga teburin da aka haɗe cewa samfurin solubility na HgS ƙananan ƙananan ne (Ksp = 1.6 × 10-52).Ta hanyar bincike, an ƙaddara cewa tasirin maganin shine mafi kyau lokacin da adadin Na2S ya kasance mai tsayi kuma ana sarrafa darajar pH a 9-10, kuma Hg2 + a cikin ruwa mai tsabta za a iya rage zuwa ƙasa da ma'auni na kasa (0.05mg /). L).Bugu da ƙari, ta ƙara FeSO4 don samar da Fe (OH) 2 da Fe (OH) 3 colloids a cikin ruwa, waɗannan colloids ba za su iya ba kawai adsorb ions na mercury ba, har ma da tarko da gashin gashi da aka dakatar da kwayoyin HgS, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin coagulation da hazo. .Ruwan ruwa ba shi da sauƙi a ƙazantar da shi sau biyu kuma ya dace don zubarwa.

Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi don cire arsenic.Ya kamata a sani cewa arsenic gabaɗaya yana wanzuwa a cikin ma'adanai a cikin nau'in sulfide.A lokacin aikin pyro-smelting, yawancin arsenic yana jujjuyawa cikin iskar hayaki da ƙura, musamman fitar da ƙarancin hankali SO2 zai gurɓata muhalli.Don haka, ya kamata a yi cirewar arsenic kafin iskar hayaki mai guba a gaba ko zubar da ciki.Yi amfani da maganin Na2S don ɗaukar iskar gas na SO2, ta yadda As3 + da S2- siffan As2S3 hazo (Ksp = 2.1 × 10-22), a pH mafi girma (pH> 8), As2S3 na iya narkar da su don samar da As3S3-6 ko AsS2- 3, idan aka kwatanta da A low pH, da bayani zai haifar da H2S gas.Binciken Yin Aijun et al.[4] yana nuna cewa lokacin da aka sarrafa pH na maganin a cikin kewayon 2.0 zuwa 5.5, lokacin amsawa shine mintuna 50, yanayin zafin jiki shine 30 zuwa 50 ° C, kuma an ƙara flocculant, ƙimar cirewar arsenic na iya isa. 90%.% sama.A cikin samar da maganin farin carbon baƙar fata, don rage abun ciki na arsenic na ƙazanta a cikin sulfuric acid mai daɗaɗɗa na samar da albarkatun ƙasa, ana ƙara sodium sulfide zuwa sulfuric acid mai ƙarfi don yin As3 + form As2S3 kuma hazo da cire shi.Ayyukan samarwa ya nuna cewa sodium sulfide yana kawar da arsenic ba kawai tare da saurin amsawa ba, har ma tare da cikakken cire arsenic.Abubuwan da ke cikin arsenic a cikin sulfuric acid bayan cire arsenic bai wuce 0.5 × 10-6 ba, kuma abun ciki na arsenic na farin carbon baki da aka samar tare da wannan albarkatun kasa shine ≤0.0003%, wanda ya dace da ka'idoji masu dacewa.

Har ila yau, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin electroplating!

Na farko, yana aiki azaman mai haskakawa.Sodium sulfide ana narkar da shi cikin ruwa kuma ana ionized zuwa ion sodium ions tabbatacce (Na+) da kuma ions sulfide masu caji (S2-).A lokacin aikin lantarki, kasancewar S2- a cikin electrolyte na iya inganta polarization na cathode.A daidai wannan halin yanzu A ƙarƙashin wannan yanayin, ana haɓaka saurin amsawar cathode.Hakanan ana haɓaka saurin ƙaddamarwa, ƙarfin zurfafa zurfafawa yana ƙaruwa, an tsabtace abin rufewa, kuma saman ɓangaren da aka ɗora ya zama mai haske daidai.

Hakanan yana iya cire datti a cikin electrolyte, musamman saboda yayin aikin samar da lantarki, ƙari ko žasa najasa a cikin kayan da aka samu za a kawo shi cikin maganin plating.Wadannan ƙazanta suna amsawa daban-daban a ƙarƙashin aikin na'urorin lantarki, kuma ƙazantattun abubuwan da ke da ƙananan yuwuwar za a adana su a saman ɓangaren da aka yi da shi tare da Zn2+, yana shafar ingancin ma'auni.Bayan ƙara sodium sulfide, S2- a cikin sodium sulfide na iya haifar da hazo tare da ions na ƙazanta na ƙarfe, yana hana ƙazanta shiga cikin halayen electrochemical da kuma sa rufin yayi haske.

Ko amfani da maganin sodium sulfide don lalata iskar gas.Hanyar dawo da SO2 a cikin iskar gas shine yafi maida SO2 zuwa H2SO4, ruwa SO2 da sulfur na asali.Sulfur na sinadari kuma kyakkyawan samfuri ne don sake amfani da shi saboda sauƙin sarrafawa da sufuri.Wani sabon tsari don samar da sulfur na asali ta amfani da H2S da aka samar daga maganin Na2S azaman wakili mai ragewa don rage SO2.Wannan tsari yana da sauƙi kuma baya buƙatar cinye abubuwan rage tsada masu tsada kamar iskar gas da ƙarancin sulfur kamar fasahar samarwa gabaɗaya.Lokacin da pH na maganin ya faɗi zuwa 8.5-7.5, ɗaukar SO2 tare da Na2S zai haifar da H2S, kuma H2S da SO2 za su sha maganin Claus a cikin ruwa lokaci.

Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da sodium sulfide azaman mai hanawa don taimakawa amfana.Muddin akwai nau'i biyu, daya shine cewa Na2S yana da ruwa don samar da HS-, kuma HS- ya cire xanthate da aka sanya a saman ma'adinan sulfide, kuma a lokaci guda, an sanya shi a saman ma'adanai don ƙara yawan hydrophilicity. na ma'adinai saman;a gefe guda, an yi imani da cewa Na2S yana taka rawar hanawa ba kawai Yana haifar da adsorption na HS- a kan ma'adinai na ma'adinai, kuma ya kamata ya kasance da alaka da S2-wanda aka samar ta hanyar ionization na Na2S a cikin maganin ruwa.

Saboda babban samfurin solubility na PbS da ƙananan samfurin solubility na PbX2, lokacin da aka ƙara Na2S, maida hankali na S2- yana ƙaruwa, kuma ma'auni yana canzawa zuwa hagu, wanda ya sa xanthate a haɗe zuwa ma'adinai surface desorb, don haka Na2S zai iya hana tasirin ma'adinai.Yin amfani da tasirin hanawa na Na2S, ana iya hana flotation na Ni2S3 ta ƙara Na2S, ta yadda za a iya gane ingantaccen rabuwar Cu2S da Ni2S3 a cikin matte nickel.A cikin wasu tsire-tsire masu amfani da gubar-zinc, saboda matsalolin kayan aiki da hanyoyin samarwa marasa ma'ana, slag bayan flotation har yanzu yana ƙunshe da babban gubar da zinc.Duk da haka, saboda adsorption na wasu nau'o'in ruwa a samansa, tari na dogon lokaci zai haifar da mummunan laka, wanda zai haifar da matsala mai yawa wajen sake rabuwa da gubar-zinc ta tsakiya.Yin amfani da tasirin hanawa na Na2S, ana iya amfani da Na2S azaman reagent don desorb xanthate wanda aka tallata akan saman ma'adinai, ta yadda aikin motsa jiki na gaba yana da sauƙin aiwatarwa.Matsakaicin ma'adinin gubar-zinc da aka tara a cikin Shaanxi Xinhe Concentrator an riga an riga an shirya shi da sodium sulfide don kawar da miyagun ƙwayoyi, sa'an nan kuma an aiwatar da ruwa don samun sinadarin gubar tare da abun ciki na gubar na 63.23% da sinadarin zinc tare da abun ciki na zinc na 55.89% (guba da kuma tutiya). Yawan dawo da zinc zai iya kaiwa 60.56% da 85.55% bi da bi), wanda ke yin cikakken amfani da albarkatun ma'adinai na biyu.A cikin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in sulfide na jan karfe-zinc, saboda ƙarancin symbiosis na ma'adanai, sulfur abun ciki da jan karfe na biyu, yana da wuya a warware.Cu2+ ya kunna wannan nau'in tama a lokacin aikin niƙa, kuma yana iya yin iyo yana kusa da chalcopyrite, don haka ma'adinan jan karfe da zinc ba su da sauƙin rabuwa.Lokacin sarrafa irin wannan ma'adinai, ta hanyar ƙara Na2S yayin niƙa tama, S2- samar da hydrolysis na Na2S da wasu ions na ƙarfe masu nauyi tare da ikon kunnawa, irin su Cu2+, suna haifar da sulfide marar narkewa don cire kunnawar waɗannan ions masu nauyi.Sa'an nan kuma, ta hanyar ƙara zinc da sulfur inhibitors, ta amfani da butyl ammonium baƙar fata magani don zaɓi zaɓin jan ƙarfe-jan ƙarfe don zaɓin zinc selection-zinc tailings don rarrabuwar sulfur don samun jan ƙarfe tare da 25.10% jan ƙarfe da zinc tattara tare da 41.20% zinc ore da sulfur maida hankali tare da. ya canza zuwa -38.96%.

Lokacin da aka yi amfani da sodium sulfide a matsayin mai kunnawa, ana iya samar da fim din FeS akan saman limonite.Domin a mafi girma pH, FeS fim na iya ƙara adsorption na kwayoyin amines, don haka FeS reagent barbashi za a iya amfani da flotation a high pH.Amin flotation na limonite.Bugu da kari, Na2S za a iya amfani da a matsayin flotation activator ga jan karfe oxide ma'adanai.Lokacin da aka ƙara adadin Na2S da ya dace a cikin bayani na flotation, S2 da aka rabu da shi yana fuskantar motsin motsi tare da anions na lattice akan saman ma'adinan oxidized don samar da fim ɗin sulfide akan saman ma'adinin jan karfe oxide, wanda ke da fa'ida. da adsorption na xanthate masu tarawa.Duk da haka, fim ɗin sulfide na jan karfe da aka kafa a saman ma'adinin jan karfe oxide ba shi da ƙarfi sosai, kuma yana da sauƙin faɗuwa lokacin da motsi ya yi ƙarfi.Lokacin da ake mu'amala da ma'adinan tagulla na Totozui a Daye, Hubei (ma'adinan da ke ɗauke da tagulla galibi sun ƙunshi malachite), hanyar flotation na ƙara Na2S a matakai da yawa da kuma fitar da hankali a wurare da yawa yana rage kewayar ma'adinan tsakiya, kuma jan hankalin jan ƙarfe. rabon darajar An inganta tsarin samarwa da kashi 2.1%, kuma adadin dawo da tagulla da zinare ya karu da kashi 25.98% da 10.81% bi da bi.Hakanan za'a iya amfani da Na2S azaman mai kunna flotation don pyrite wanda aka danne ta lemun tsami a cikin tsarin perkalime.A cikin babban tsarin alkali, an rufe saman pyrite tare da fim din calcium na hydrophilic (Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4), wanda ke hana hawan ruwa.Nazarin ya nuna cewa bayan ƙara Na2S, HS-ions na hydrolyzed na iya matse Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4 da Fe (OH) 3 wanda ke rufe saman pyrite a gefe ɗaya, kuma a lokaci guda, ana iya tallata shi akan. saman pyrite..Saboda pyrite yana da ikon canja wurin electrons, lokacin da ma'aunin pyrite ya fi EHS/S0 girma, HS- ya rasa electrons a saman xanthate don samar da hydrophobic elemental sulfur.Sakamakon asali na sulfur yana rufe saman ma'adinan, don haka kunna shi don sauƙin iyo.

Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi azaman wakili na flotation don ma'adinan zinari da azurfa, tunda ba tare da mai tattarawa ba na ma'adinan gwal yana yin cikakken amfani da ka'idar electrochemical da bambancin lantarki tsakanin saman sulfide da ma'adinan zinari-azurfa, tuwo-free mai tarawa yana da ƙari. abũbuwan amfãni.Babban zaɓi, tsarin magunguna mafi sauƙi.Bugu da ƙari, yana kawar da adsorption wanda ba zaɓaɓɓe ba wanda ke da wuyar sarrafawa a cikin hawan xanthate masu tarawa, kuma yana magance matsalar kawar da miyagun ƙwayoyi kafin cyanide leaching zinariya da matsalar mai tattara fim mai shinge zinare.Saboda haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da Akwai da yawa karatu a kan iyo na zinariya da azurfa ma'adanai ba tare da dawo da jamiái.Zinariya da ma'adinan sulfide na zinariya da azurfa sau da yawa suna zama tare, musamman zinariya da pyrite sun dogara sosai.Saboda saman pyrite yana da kaddarorin semiconductor da wasu ikon sufuri na lantarki, kuma, ta hanyar kwatanta yuwuwar ƙarfin lantarki na pyrite tare da HS-/ S0 zuwa EHS-/ S0, lokacin da pH na slurry tama ke cikin kewayon 8. -13, pyrite The electrostatic m na mine surface ne ko da yaushe mafi girma fiye da EHS-/S0.Saboda haka, HS- da S2- ionized ta Na2S a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara za su sauke akan saman pyrite don samar da sulfur na asali.

A cikin masana'antar fata, ana amfani da sodium sulfide sosai.

Yawancin amfani da hanyar haɗin ash-alkali don cire interstitium fiber a cikin fata, raunana haɗin kai tsakanin gashi, epidermis da dermis, gyara fiber na roba, lalata ƙwayar tsoka, da amfanar tasirin sauran kayan a cikin tsari na gaba akan. fata;saponify mai a cikin fata mara kyau, don cire wani ɓangare na mai a cikin fata da kuma taimakawa ragewa;don buɗe haɗin biyu na ɓangaren collagen, ta yadda za a iya sassauta filaye na collagen yadda ya kamata kuma a saki ƙarin ƙungiyoyi masu aiki na collagen;da kuma cire gashi da epidermis (alkali ruɓaɓɓen gashi) .

Ba a ma maganar rini na sulfur da ke da tarihin fiye da shekaru ɗari.Samar da rini yana samuwa ta hanyoyi biyu na samarwa: hanyar yin burodi da hanyar tafasa.

Ana rage rini na sulfur kuma a narkar da su don samar da maganin rini, kuma ƙwayoyin leucosomes da aka kafa suna shayar da fibers na cellulose, kuma bayan maganin oxygenation na iska, filayen cellulose suna nuna launi da ake so.

Matrix na dyes sulfur ba shi da alaƙa ga zaruruwa, kuma tsarinsa ya ƙunshi sulfur bonds, disulfide bonds ko polysulfide bonds, waɗanda aka rage zuwa ƙungiyoyin sulfhydryl a ƙarƙashin aikin rage ƙwayar sodium sulfide kuma ya zama mai narkewa leucosome sodium salts.Dalilin da yasa leucosomes ke da kyakkyawar alaƙa ga filaye na cellulose shine cewa kwayoyin halitta na rini suna da girma, wanda hakan ya haifar da karfi na Van der Waals da karfi na hydrogen tare da zaruruwa.

A wannan lokacin, ana iya rarraba samar da sodium sulfide zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau‘in inabi) za a kasu kashi: vulcanization foda, vulcanization mai narkewa da ruwa, vulcanization na ruwa, vulcanization-friendly muhalli, rage sulfur da tarwatsa vulcanization.

1. Foda vulcanization

Babban tsarin tsarin rini shine DSSD, kuma gabaɗaya yana buƙatar dafa shi da sodium sulfide kuma a shafa bayan narkewa.Irin wannan rini ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa, za a iya rage rini zuwa leuco tare da maganin rage alkaline, kuma a narkar da shi cikin ruwa, gishirin sodium na leuco zai iya sha da fiber.

2. vulcanization mai narkewar ruwa

Babban tsarin tsarin rini shine D-SSO3Na.Halin irin wannan rini shine cewa akwai ƙungiyoyi masu narkewa a cikin tsarin kwayoyin halitta na rini, wanda ke da kyakkyawan narkewa da kuma kayan rini mai kyau.Amsa rini na sulfur na yau da kullun tare da sodium sulfite ko sodium bisulfite don samar da rini thiosulfate, wanda ke da solubility na 150g/L a 20°C kuma ana amfani dashi don ci gaba da rini.Ruwan sulfur mai narkewar ruwa yana narkewa da sauri a cikin dakin da zafin jiki, babu wani abu mai narkewa, kuma cikakken solubility ya isa ya dace da duk buƙatun rushewar rini.Rinin sulfur mai narkewa da ruwa yana da kyakkyawan juriya na zafin jiki.Duk da haka, rini ba ya ƙunshe da wakili mai ragewa kuma ba shi da dangantaka da zaruruwa.Wajibi ne a ƙara alkali sulfide a lokacin rini, kuma a canza shi zuwa yanayin da ke da alaƙa ga fibers cellulose ta hanyar nucleophilic da rage halayen.Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da shi akan yadudduka ta hanyar rini na dakatarwa.

3. Rashin ruwa

Babban tsarin tsarin rini shine D-Sna, wanda ya ƙunshi adadin adadin sodium sulfide rage wakili don rage yawan rini zuwa leuco mai narkewar ruwa.Rage rini na sulfur gama gari zuwa leuco mai narkewar ruwa tare da rage wakili, ƙara yawan rage ragewa azaman antioxidant, ƙara wakili mai shiga, gishiri inorganic da softener ruwa don yin rini mai ruwa, wanda kuma aka sani da rini da aka rigaya.Ana iya amfani dashi kai tsaye ta hanyar diluting da ruwa.Irin waɗannan rinannun sun haɗa da rini mai ɗauke da sulfur, kamar rini na Casulfon mai ɗauke da sodium sulfide, haka nan kuma ba su ƙunshi ko kaɗan ko kaɗan na sulfur ba, kamar rini na gaggawa, kuma babu sharar ruwa mai ɗauke da sulfur a lokacin rini.

4. vulcanization na muhalli

A cikin tsarin samarwa, ana tace shi cikin leucochrome, amma abun cikin sulfur da abun ciki na polysulfide sun yi ƙasa da dyes sulfur na yau da kullun.Rini yana da tsafta mai tsayi, karko mai karko, da kyawu mai kyau.A lokaci guda, ana amfani da glucose da sodium hydrosulfite azaman wakilai masu rage binary a cikin wankan rini, wanda ba zai iya rage dyes na sulfur kawai ba, amma kuma yana taka rawar muhalli.

5. Rage sulfur

Sau da yawa ana yin shi a cikin foda, lafiya, ultrafine foda ko rini na ruwa, dace da polyester-auduga blended yadudduka da kuma tarwatsa dyes a cikin wanka iri daya rini, za a iya amfani da su rage caustic soda, sodium hydrosulfite (ko thiourea dioxide), maimakon sodium sulfide. don raguwa da rushewa, kamar Hydron Indocarbon rini.

6. Watsawa vulcanization

Rinyoyin sulfur masu watsawa suna dogara ne akan dyes sulfur da rini na sulfur vat, kuma ana yin su ne bisa tsarin sarrafa kayan kasuwanci na tarwatsa rini.Ana amfani da su galibi don rini polyester-viscose ko polyester-auduga da aka haɗa da yadudduka tare da tarwatsa rini a cikin wanka ɗaya.Akwai nau'ikan Kayaku Homodye guda 16 da Nippon Kayaku ya samar.

Ana iya raba takamaiman tsarin rini zuwa matakai huɗu

(1) Rage rini Yana da sauƙin narke rini na sulfur.Sodium sulfide ana amfani dashi azaman wakili mai ragewa, kuma yana aiki azaman wakili na alkali.Don hana jikin leuco daga hydrolyzed, soda ash da sauran abubuwa za a iya ƙara daidai, amma alkalinity na rage wanka bai kamata ya zama mai karfi ba, in ba haka ba rage yawan rini zai ragu.

(2) Rini leuco a cikin maganin rini yana ɗaukar fiber.Leuco na rini na sulfur yana wanzuwa a cikin jihar anion a cikin maganin rini.Yana da kai tsaye zuwa fiber cellulose kuma ana iya tallata shi a saman fiber ɗin kuma a watsa shi cikin cikin fiber ɗin.Sulfur dye leuco yana da ƙananan kai tsaye zuwa fiber cellulose, gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar ƙaramin rabo na wanka, kuma yana ƙara daidaitattun electrolyte a lokaci guda, na iya ƙara yawan rini a mafi girman zafin jiki, da haɓaka rini da shigar ciki.

(3) Maganin Oxidation Bayan an yi rina leuco na sulfur a kan fiber, dole ne a sanya shi cikin oxidized don nuna launin da ake so.Oxidation mataki ne mai mahimmanci bayan rini da rini na sulfur.Bayan yin rini, ana iya yin amfani da dyes na sulfur mai sauƙi ta hanyar iska bayan wankewa da iska, wato, ana amfani da hanyar iskar oxygenation;ga wasu dyes na sulfur waɗanda ba a sauƙaƙe su ba, ana amfani da abubuwan da ake amfani da su don haɓaka oxidation.

(4) Bayan sarrafawa Bayan sarrafawa ya haɗa da tsaftacewa, mai, anti-kumburi da gyaran launi, da dai sauransu. Dole ne a wanke rini na sulfur gaba ɗaya bayan an yi rini don rage ragowar sulfur akan masana'anta da kuma hana masana'anta zama gaggautuwa, saboda sulfur. a cikin rini da sulfur da ke cikin vulcanized alkali suna cikin sauƙi oxidized a cikin iska don samar da sulfuric acid, wanda zai haifar da acid hydrolysis ga fiber cellulose kuma ya haifar da lalacewa.Rage ƙarfi kuma sanya fiber ya karye.Don haka, ana iya magance ta da abubuwan da ke hana kumburi, kamar: urea, trisodium phosphate, manne kashi, sodium acetate, da sauransu. Domin inganta hasken rana da saurin sabulun rini na sulfur, ana iya gyara shi bayan rini.Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na gyaran launi: maganin gishirin ƙarfe (kamar potassium dichromate, jan karfe sulfate, jan karfe acetate da gaurayawan wadannan salts) da kuma maganin gyaran launi na cationic (kamar mai gyara launi Y).A cikin samarwa, yana da kyau a yi amfani da wakili mai gyara launi M, wanda aka haɗa shi da ma'aunin launi na cationic da gishiri na jan karfe, wanda zai iya rage gurɓataccen gurɓataccen chromium.

l Sodium sulfide: Da fatan za a kula da waɗannan lokacin amfani!

"Kin ji bakin ciki saboda damuwa?"

Sodium Sulfide ya gyada kai amma bai yi magana ba amma muryar ta sake kara

"Amma, hakan yayi kyau."

Sodium sulfide ya kalli mutumin, wanda ke sanye da rigar kariya daga lalata, abin rufe fuska da gas da safar hannu na roba.

"Duba, waɗannan suna da sauƙi kuma ba su da matsala ko kaɗan."

"A'a, yana da matukar damuwa.Dole ne ku sanya kayan aikin hana lalata, abin rufe fuska na gas, da safar hannu na roba.Abubuwa na yau da kullun ba su da amfani.Kuna da tsare-tsare masu yawa.Idan ba ku yi hankali ba, za ku ji rauni.Dole ne ku yi hulɗa da su yayin amfani.iskar gas da sharar ruwa.”

“Duk da haka, ina da mafita.Ba sai na ji rauni ba, kuma zan iya magance shi sosai.

Idan na zube a kan tufafina da gangan, kawai ina buƙatar cire gurɓatattun tufafin nan da nan, in wanke tare da ruwa mai yawa na akalla minti 15 sannan in je wurin likita;idan na taba idanu da gangan, nan da nan zan iya ɗaga gashin ido in wanke da ruwa mai yawa Ko kuma kurkura na al'ada na yau da kullun na akalla mintuna 15 kafin in nemi kulawar likita;idan aka shaka da gangan, zan bar wurin da sauri in tafi wani wuri mai tsabta don kiyaye hanyar iska ba tare da toshe ba.Idan numfashi yana da wahala, sake tuntuɓar oxygen.Idan numfashi ya tsaya, yi numfashi na wucin gadi nan da nan kuma nemi kulawar likita;idan aka hadiye da gangan, zan kurkure baki da ruwa, in sha madara ko farin kwai, sannan in nemi kulawar likita."

"Amma har yanzu ina da wuta!"

“Na sani, kai wani abu ne mai konewa kai tsaye a cikin yanayin rashin ruwa, kuma ƙurar tana da sauƙin ƙonewa a cikin iska.Zai lalace lokacin da ya ci karo da acid kuma ya saki iskar gas mai ƙonewa.Hakanan yana iya samar da abubuwan fashewa lokacin da yake cikin foda, kuma maganin ruwa shima yana da lalata kuma yana da guba sosai.Ƙarfi mai ban haushi.A 100 ° C za ku fara ƙafe, kuma tururi na iya kai hari ga gilashi.

Jin haka sai Na Su ya kara baci.Kan da aka dago a yanzu ya riga ya fado, bai sake yin wani kwarin gwiwa ya kalli mai maganar ba.

“Amma ba komai, muddin ruwa, hazo da yashi za su iya kashe wutar.Idan akwai yoyo, ware wurin da aka gurbata, sanya cikakken abin rufe fuska da kayan aikin rigakafin acid da alkali sannan ku shiga wurin daga iska ta sama.Ana tattara felun a cikin busasshiyar busasshiyar, mai tsabta, an rufe shi, ko kuma a wanke shi da ruwa mai yawa, a diluted sannan a saka shi cikin tsarin ruwan sharar gida.Idan babban ɗigo ne, za a iya tattara shi kawai a sake sarrafa shi ko kuma a kai shi wurin zubar da shara don zubar.Amma duk wannan shi ne ilimin da muka koya tun da farko, kuma ma'aikatan kamfaninmu sun yi ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu sana'a da kuma horar da ma'aikatanmu sun sami horo da horo na tsari don haka ba zato ba tsammani.Kar ki damu, balle ki ji laifinki, ba laifinki bane!”

Bayan wani lokaci, Sodium Sulfide ya ɗaga kansa ya ce: “Amma ku yi hankali!Ko da kun koyi wannan, ku ma ku yi hankali, yana da haɗari ga amfani da ni."

l Sodium sulfide: Idan kuna son fitar da ni, don Allah a kula!

“Ku tattara ku kwashe sodium sulfide a yau.Kun san duk matakan tsaro.Kun san ƙayyadaddun bayanai da marufi!”

"Iya!"

Na ɗan lokaci, masana'antar ta fara aiki.

Sodium sulfide an rufe shi sosai a cikin ganguna masu kauri na 0.5 mm, kuma nauyin net ɗin kowane ganga baya wuce 100 kg.Bayan an gama shiryawa, an loda shi akan gondola.

Masu sa ido kan tsaro na layin dogo suna tattara kayayyaki masu haɗari daidai da tebur ɗin hada-hadar kayayyaki masu haɗari a cikin "Dokokin sufurin Kaya masu haɗari" Ma'aikatar Railways.A lokacin jigilar kaya, ma'aikatan sun tabbatar da amincin marufi da amincin marufi, sannan kuma sun tabbatar da cewa ba a haɗe shi da oxidants, acid, sinadarai na abinci, da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, motar kuma tana sanye take da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri da yawa kayan aikin kashe gobara da kayan aikin jinya na gaggawa.

A cikin motar, Na S ya kasa yin tunanin abin da wani ya ce masa kafin ya tashi

Ya ce, “Wataƙila za ku yi tunanin cewa kai mai guba ne kuma mai lalata, amma dole ne ka san cewa kana da amfani da yawa, kuma za mu gaya wa wanda ya ɗauke ka abin da ya kamata ya kula.Duk abin da kuke buƙatar yi shine ku yi hankali.Ku taka rawarku, ku bar kulawar mu ta zama mai amfani, mu ga karfin ku, wannan ya isa.”

Lokacin da Sodium Sulfide ya sake zama a cikin ƙananan zafin jiki da bushewar sito, har yanzu za ta yi marmarin jiƙa da ruwa, amma ta daina jin gundura, amma ba ta iya jira don taimakawa sabon mai shi ya gama aikin!

Shin kun san da gaske game da sodium sulfide?

Kamar yadda muka sani, sodium sulfide yana da guba sosai kuma yana lalata, amma ana amfani dashi sosai a fagage da yawa, don haka kuna fahimtar bayanan da suka dace game da sodium sulfide?

l Bayanin sodium sulfide

Pure sodium sulfide foda ne mara launi mara launi tare da hygroscopicity mai ƙarfi kuma yana iya narkewa cikin ruwa.Maganin ruwa yana da sinadarin alkaline mai karfi kuma zai haifar da konewa idan ya shafi fata da gashi, don haka sodium sulfide kuma ana kiransa alkali sulfide.Sodium sulfide mai ruwa bayani zai sannu a hankali oxidize zuwa sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, sodium sulfate da sodium polysulfide a cikin iska.Launin sodium sulfide na masana'antu shine ruwan hoda, ja mai launin ruwan kasa, da khaki saboda ƙazanta.Yellow flaky sodium sulfide tare da hydrogen sulfide wari da hygroscopicity.Yana juya launin rawaya zuwa launin ruwan kasa-baƙar fata lokacin da aka fallasa shi ga haske kuma a cikin iska, kuma a hankali yana samar da hydrogen sulfide, wanda zai iya lalacewa lokacin da aka haɗu da acid ko ma carbonic acid.Yana da sauƙi mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, dan kadan mai narkewa a cikin ethanol, kuma ba zai iya narkewa a cikin ether ba.Maganin ruwa shine alkaline, kuma a hankali maganin zai zama sodium thiosulfate da sodium hydroxide lokacin da aka sanya shi cikin iska.

Ci gaban sodium sulfide a cikin ƙasata yana da dogon tarihi da ƙwarewa mai yawa.Samar da sinadarin sodium sulfide ya samo asali ne a cikin shekarun 1830, kuma wani masana'antar sinadarai ta fara fara samar da ƙaramin adadin a Dalian, Liaoning.Daga 1980s zuwa tsakiyar 1990s, tare da haɓakar haɓakar masana'antar sinadarai ta duniya, masana'antar sodium sulfide ta cikin gida ta sami sauye-sauye na asali.Yawan masana'antun da sikelin ya karu sosai, kuma ci gaba yana da sauri.Yankin samar da sulfide na sodium da ke tsakiya a Yuncheng, Shanxi ya fadada cikin sauri zuwa larduna da yankuna fiye da 10 da suka hada da Yunnan, Xinjiang, Mongoliya ta ciki, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, da Shaanxi.Ƙarfin samarwa na shekara-shekara na ƙasa ya ƙaru daga ton 420,000 a ƙarshen 1980 zuwa tan 640,000 a tsakiyar 1990s.Abubuwan da ake fitar da shi yana haɓaka cikin sauri a Mongoliya ta ciki, Gansu, da Xinjiang a arewa maso yammacin China.Ƙarfin samar da Mongoliya ta cikin gida ya kai ton 200,000, kuma ya zama tushen samar da samfuran sodium sulfide mafi girma a cikin Sin.

Tun lokacin da kamfaninmu ya fara tuntuɓar samfuran sodium sulfide, mun sami haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanoni da yawa kuma mun sami babban kimantawa.Za mu iya ba da garantin ingancin samfur da sufuri da sauran al'amura, "sabis mai inganci", "samfurin farko" da "abokin ciniki na farko" Ka'idar da muka bi koyaushe!

l aikace-aikace na sodium sulfide:

1. Ana amfani da masana'antar rini don samar da rini na sulfur, kuma shine albarkatun kasa na sulfur blue da sulfur blue.

2. A cikin masana'antar bugu da rini, ana amfani da shi azaman taimakon rini don narkar da rinayen sulfur.

3. A cikin masana'antar takarda, ana amfani da shi azaman mai dafa abinci don takarda.

4. A cikin masana'antar masana'anta, ana amfani da shi a cikin ɓarnawar fibers da mutum ya yi da kuma rage nitrates, da kuma matsayin ɗanɗano don rini masana'anta auduga.

5. A cikin masana'antar tanning, ana amfani da shi don hydrolysis don lalata ɗanyen fatun, sannan kuma ana amfani da shi don shirya sodium polysulfide don hanzarta jiƙa da busassun fatun da laushi.

6. Ana amfani da masana'anta na lantarki don kula da Layer na conductive a cikin electroplating kai tsaye, ta hanyar amsawar sodium sulfide da palladium don samar da colloidal palladium sulfide don cimma manufar samar da kyakkyawan launi mai mahimmanci a kan ƙasa maras ƙarfe.

7. Ana amfani da masana'antar harhada magunguna don samar da magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta kamar phenacetin.

8. Akwai kuma wasu amfani a cikin masana'antar soja.

9. A cikin ma'adinai flotation, sodium sulfide ne mai hana mafi yawan sulfide ores, da sulfide wakili na non-ferrous karfe oxide ores, da deagent na gauraye concentrates na sulfide ores.

10. A cikin maganin ruwa, ana amfani da shi ne don magance electroplating ko sauran ruwa mai dauke da ions karfe, da kuma amfani da ions na sulfur don zubar da ions karfe don cire ions na karfe, kamar germanium, tin, gubar, azurfa, cadmium, jan karfe, mercury, zinc. , manganese jira.Hanyar hazo sodium sulfide na iya dawo da abubuwa masu mahimmanci na ƙarfe a cikin ruwan sharar ƙarfe mai nauyi.

11. Ƙara adadin da ya dace na sodium sulfide zuwa alkaline etching bayani na aluminum da alloys na iya inganta ingantaccen yanayin da aka yi da shi, kuma ana iya amfani dashi don cire alkali-mai narkewa mai nauyi na ƙarfe irin su zinc a cikin maganin alkaline etching. .

12. Yana da albarkatun kasa na sodium thiosulfate, sodium polysulfide, dyes sulfur, da dai sauransu.

13. Yi nazarin taurin ruwa wajen samar da takin nitrogen.

Cikakkun bayanai:

Masana'antar Karfe:

1) Cire ƙazanta a cikin ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙasa Lokacin da ake ma'amala da yanayin ɓawon burodi na nau'in nau'in nau'in ƙarancin ƙasa, bayan leaching da leaching tare da bayani mai ƙarfi na electrolyte, ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙasa da aka samu sau da yawa yana ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na ions na ƙazanta, kamar Al3+, Fe3+ , Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, da dai sauransu Lokacin da aka yi amfani da tsarin hazo na oxalic acid, waɗannan ƙazanta ba makawa za su haifar da hazo oxalate da kuma canjawa zuwa samfuran ƙasa da ba kasafai ba, suna shafar tsabtar samfurin.Bugu da ƙari, don guje wa emulsification a cikin tsarin hakar na gaba, dole ne a cire ions na ƙazanta a cikin ruwan abinci da farko.Ana nuna ma'auni na samfuran solubility na ƙarfe sulfide da yawa hazo a cikin tebur da aka haɗe.Lokacin da aka ƙara Na2S zuwa ƙananan eluate na duniya, ƙananan ƙarfe ions Cu2 +, Pb2+, Zn2+, da dai sauransu a cikin maganin za'a iya cire su da kyau.Nazarin ya nuna cewa sarrafa pH a kusan 5 da ƙara Na2S zuwa ƙananan duniya eluate don cire ƙazanta ba kawai yana da tasiri mai kyau na kawar da ƙazanta ba, amma kuma baya rasa ƙasa mai wuya.

2) Yi amfani da Na2S don cire arsenic.Arsenic gabaɗaya yana wanzuwa a cikin ma'adanai a cikin nau'in sulfide.A lokacin aikin pyrometallurgy, yawancin arsenic yana canzawa zuwa iskar gas da ƙura, musamman fitar da ƙaramar hankali SO2 zai gurɓata muhalli.Don haka, ya kamata a yi cirewar arsenic kafin iskar hayaki mai guba a gaba ko zubar da ciki.Yi amfani da maganin Na2S don ɗaukar iskar gas na SO2, ta yadda As3 + da S2- siffan As2S3 hazo (Ksp = 2.1 × 10-22), a pH mafi girma (pH> 8), As2S3 na iya narkar da su don samar da As3S3-6 ko AsS2- 3, idan aka kwatanta da A low pH, da bayani zai haifar da H2S gas.Binciken Yin Aijun et al.[4] yana nuna cewa lokacin da aka sarrafa pH na maganin a cikin kewayon 2.0 zuwa 5.5, lokacin amsawa shine mintuna 50, yanayin zafin jiki shine 30 zuwa 50 ° C, kuma an ƙara flocculant, ƙimar cirewar arsenic na iya isa. 90%.% sama.A cikin samar da maganin farin carbon baƙar fata, don rage abun ciki na arsenic na ƙazanta a cikin sulfuric acid mai daɗaɗɗa na samar da albarkatun ƙasa, ana ƙara sodium sulfide zuwa sulfuric acid mai ƙarfi don yin As3 + form As2S3 kuma hazo da cire shi.Ayyukan samarwa ya nuna cewa sodium sulfide yana kawar da arsenic ba kawai tare da saurin amsawa ba, har ma tare da cikakken cire arsenic.Abubuwan da ke cikin arsenic a cikin sulfuric acid bayan cire arsenic bai wuce 0.5 × 10-6 ba, kuma abun ciki na arsenic na farin carbon baƙar fata da aka samar tare da wannan albarkatun ƙasa shine ≤0.0003%, wanda ya cika cikakken ka'idodin Amurka Pharmacopoeia.

Maganin ruwa:

Yafi yin maganin ruwa mai dauke da sinadarin mercury wanda ke da matukar illa ga muhalli da lafiyar dan adam.A cikin masana'antar yin soda, abun ciki na mercury a cikin ruwan sharar da aka fitar gabaɗaya yana da girma, ya zarce ma'aunin duniya (0.05mg/L).A cikin bayani mai rauni (pH 8-11), ions na mercury na iya haifar da hazo maras narkewa tare da sodium sulfide.Ana iya gani daga teburin da aka haɗe cewa samfurin solubility na HgS ƙananan ƙananan ne (Ksp = 1.6 × 10-52).Ta hanyar bincike, an ƙaddara cewa tasirin maganin shine mafi kyau lokacin da adadin Na2S ya kasance mai tsayi kuma ana sarrafa darajar pH a 9-10, kuma Hg2 + a cikin ruwa mai tsabta za a iya rage zuwa ƙasa da ma'auni na kasa (0.05mg /). L).Bugu da ƙari, ta ƙara FeSO4 don samar da Fe (OH) 2 da Fe (OH) 3 colloids a cikin ruwa, waɗannan colloids ba za su iya ba kawai adsorb ions na mercury ba, har ma da tarko da gashin gashi da aka dakatar da kwayoyin HgS, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin coagulation da hazo. .Ruwan ruwa ba shi da sauƙi a ƙazantar da shi sau biyu kuma ya dace don zubarwa.

Masana'antar Electrolating:

1) Ana amfani da Na2S azaman mai haske a cikin lantarki:

Sodium sulfide ana narkar da shi cikin ruwa kuma ana ionized zuwa ion sodium ions tabbatacce (Na+) da kuma ions sulfide masu caji (S2-).A lokacin aikin lantarki, kasancewar S2- a cikin electrolyte na iya inganta polarization na cathode.A daidai wannan halin yanzu A ƙarƙashin wannan yanayin, ana haɓaka saurin amsawar cathode.Hakanan ana haɓaka saurin ƙaddamarwa, ƙarfin zurfafa zurfafawa yana ƙaruwa, an tsabtace abin rufewa, kuma saman ɓangaren da aka ɗora ya zama mai haske daidai.

2) Sodium sulfide yana cire datti a cikin electrolyte:

A lokacin aikin samar da lantarki, za a iya kawo ƙazanta ko žasa a cikin kayan da ake amfani da su a cikin maganin plating.Wadannan ƙazanta suna amsawa daban-daban a ƙarƙashin aikin na'urorin lantarki, kuma ƙazantattun abubuwan da ke da ƙananan yuwuwar za a adana su a saman ɓangaren da aka yi da shi tare da Zn2+, yana shafar ingancin ma'auni.Bayan ƙara sodium sulfide, S2- a cikin sodium sulfide na iya haifar da hazo tare da ions na ƙazanta na ƙarfe, yana hana ƙazanta shiga cikin halayen electrochemical da kuma sa rufin yayi haske.

3) Yin amfani da maganin Na2S don lalata iskar gas

A halin yanzu, hanyar dawo da SO2 a cikin iskar gas shine yafi maida SO2 zuwa H2SO4, ruwa SO2 da sulfur na asali.Sulfur na sinadari kuma kyakkyawan samfuri ne don sake amfani da shi saboda sauƙin sarrafawa da sufuri.Wani sabon tsari don samar da sulfur na asali ta amfani da H2S da aka samar daga maganin Na2S azaman wakili mai ragewa don rage SO2.Wannan tsari yana da sauƙi kuma baya buƙatar cinye abubuwan rage tsada masu tsada kamar iskar gas da ƙarancin sulfur kamar fasahar samarwa gabaɗaya.Lokacin da pH na maganin ya faɗi zuwa 8.5-7.5, ɗaukar SO2 tare da Na2S zai haifar da H2S, kuma H2S da SO2 za su sha maganin Claus a cikin ruwa lokaci.

Masana'antar sarrafa ma'adinai:

1) Sodium sulfide a matsayin mai hanawa:

Sakamakon hana hana sodium sulfide akan ma'adinan sulfide ana yarda da shi galibi saboda al'amura biyu ne.Ɗaya shine cewa Na2S hydrolyzes don samar da HS-, HS- ban da xanthate adsorbed a saman ma'adinan sulfide, kuma a lokaci guda, an sanya shi a kan ma'adinan ma'adinai don ƙara yawan hydrophilicity na ma'adinai;ɗayan kuma A gefe guda, an yi la'akari da cewa tasirin hanawa na Na2S ba kawai ya haifar da adsorption na HS- a kan ma'adinai na ma'adinai ba, amma kuma yana da alaka da S2- wanda aka kafa ta hanyar ionization na Na2S a cikin maganin ruwa.

2) Sodium sulfide a matsayin mai kunnawa:

Nazarin flotation na tsarin smithsonite-limonite ya nuna cewa a cikin limonite amine flotation, kawai a ƙananan pH, amine za a iya tallata shi a saman ma'adinai ta hanyar lantarki.Koyaya, bayan ƙara Na2S, an kafa fim ɗin FeS akan saman limonite.Tun da FeS fim zai iya ƙara adsorption na kwayoyin amines a mafi girma pH, da FeS reagent barbashi za a iya amfani da flotation, da limonite za a iya depleted a high pH.Amine ya yi yawo.Bugu da kari, Na2S za a iya amfani da a matsayin flotation activator ga jan karfe oxide ma'adanai.Lokacin da aka ƙara adadin Na2S da ya dace a cikin bayani na flotation, S2 da aka rabu da shi yana fuskantar motsin motsi tare da anions na lattice akan saman ma'adinan oxidized don samar da fim ɗin sulfide akan saman ma'adinin jan karfe oxide, wanda ke da fa'ida. da adsorption na xanthate masu tarawa.Duk da haka, fim ɗin sulfide na jan karfe da aka kafa a saman ma'adinin jan karfe oxide ba shi da ƙarfi sosai, kuma yana da sauƙin faɗuwa lokacin da motsi ya yi ƙarfi.Lokacin da ake mu'amala da ma'adinan tagulla na Totozui a Daye, Hubei (ma'adinan da ke ɗauke da tagulla galibi sun ƙunshi malachite), hanyar flotation na ƙara Na2S a matakai da yawa da kuma fitar da hankali a wurare da yawa yana rage kewayar ma'adinan tsakiya, kuma jan hankalin jan ƙarfe. rabon darajar An inganta tsarin samarwa da kashi 2.1%, kuma adadin dawo da tagulla da zinare ya karu da kashi 25.98% da 10.81% bi da bi.Hakanan za'a iya amfani da Na2S azaman mai kunna flotation don pyrite wanda aka danne ta lemun tsami a cikin tsarin perkalime.A cikin babban tsarin alkali, an rufe saman pyrite tare da fim din calcium na hydrophilic (Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4), wanda ke hana hawan ruwa.Nazarin ya nuna cewa bayan ƙara Na2S, HS-ions na hydrolyzed na iya matse Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4 da Fe (OH) 3 wanda ke rufe saman pyrite a gefe ɗaya, kuma a lokaci guda, ana iya tallata shi akan. saman pyrite..Saboda pyrite yana da ikon canja wurin electrons, lokacin da ma'aunin pyrite ya fi EHS/S0 girma, HS- ya rasa electrons a saman xanthate don samar da hydrophobic elemental sulfur.Sakamakon asali na sulfur yana rufe saman ma'adinan, don haka kunna shi don sauƙin iyo.

3) Ana amfani da sodium sulfide azaman wakili mai jawo ruwa don ma'adanai na zinariya da azurfa:

Tun da yawo ba tare da mai tarawa na takin gwal ba yana yin cikakken amfani da ka'idar electrochemical da bambancin electron akan saman sulfide da ma'adinan zinare-azurfa, tuwo-kwalwa mai tattarawa yana da zaɓi mafi girma da tsarin reagent mafi sauƙi.Bugu da ƙari, yana kawar da adsorption wanda ba zaɓaɓɓe ba wanda ke da wuyar sarrafawa a cikin hawan xanthate masu tarawa, kuma yana magance matsalar kawar da miyagun ƙwayoyi kafin cyanide leaching zinariya da matsalar mai tattara fim mai shinge zinare.Saboda haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da Akwai da yawa karatu a kan iyo na zinariya da azurfa ma'adanai ba tare da dawo da jamiái.Zinariya da ma'adinan sulfide na zinariya da azurfa sau da yawa suna zama tare, musamman zinariya da pyrite sun dogara sosai.Saboda saman pyrite yana da kaddarorin semiconductor da wasu ikon sufuri na lantarki, kuma, ta hanyar kwatanta yuwuwar ƙarfin lantarki na pyrite tare da HS-/ S0 zuwa EHS-/ S0, lokacin da pH na slurry tama ke cikin kewayon 8. -13, pyrite The electrostatic m na mine surface ne ko da yaushe mafi girma fiye da EHS-/S0.Saboda haka, HS- da S2- ionized ta Na2S a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara za su sauke akan saman pyrite don samar da sulfur na asali.

Fatamasana'antury:

Yin amfani da hanyar haɗin launin toka-alkali:

(1) Hanyar alkali mai tsabta mai tsabta: haɗuwa da sodium sulfide da lemun tsami;

(2) Hanyar Alkali-alkali: hade da sodium sulfide, caustic soda, da lemun tsami (wanda aka fi amfani da shi don yankan fata na buffalo da alade).Saboda tsananin alkalinity na caustic soda, samar da tanning na yanzu ba kawai don samar da fata na alade ba, har ma don liming.Yi amfani da ƙarancin caustic soda;

(3) Hanyar lemun tsami-alkali-gishiri: bisa tsarin ash-alkali mai tsabta, ƙara gishiri mai tsaka tsaki, kamar calcium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, da dai sauransu;

(4) Enzymatic liming.

Zuwa:

1. Cire matrix interdermal fibrous matrix, raunana dangantaka tsakanin gashi, epidermis da dermis, gyara na roba zaruruwa, halakar da tsoka nama, da kuma amfana da tasirin sauran kayan a kan fata a cikin m tsari;

2. A sa man da ke cikin fata mara kyau, sannan a cire wani bangare na mai da ke cikin fata, a kuma taka wata rawa wajen ragewa;

3. Bude haɗin biyu na ɓangaren collagen, ta yadda za a kwance filaye na collagen da kyau kuma an saki ƙarin ƙungiyoyi masu aiki;

4. Cire gashi da cuticle (alkali ruɓaɓɓen gashi).

Masana'antar rini:

Rini na sulfur suna da tarihin fiye da shekaru 100 tun haihuwarsu.Rini na sulfur na farko da Croissant da Bretonniere suka samar a cikin 1873. Sun haɗu da kayan da ke ɗauke da zaruruwan ƙwayoyin halitta, kamar guntun itace, humus, bran, auduga na sharar gida da takarda sharar gida da sauransu ana samun su ta hanyar dumama alkali sulfide da polysulfide.Wannan launi mai duhu, mai ƙamshi mai ƙamshi mai ƙamshi mai ƙamshi yana da abun da ke ciki mara ƙarfi kuma yana iya narkewa cikin ruwa.Lokacin rini auduga tare da wanka na alkaline da wanka na alkali sulfide, ana samun rini mai kore.Auduga na iya zama launin ruwan kasa lokacin da aka fallasa shi zuwa iska ko sinadarai mai oxidized tare da maganin dichromate don gyara launi.Saboda waɗannan rini suna da kyakkyawan aikin rini da ƙarancin farashi, ana iya amfani da su a cikin masana'antar rini na auduga.

A cikin 1893, R.Vikal ya narke p-aminophenol tare da sodium sulfide da sulfur don yin launin sulfur baki.Ya kuma gano cewa ana iya narkar da wasu abubuwan da ake samu na benzene da naphthalene da sulfur da sodium sulfide don samar da rinayen sulfur iri-iri.rini.Tun daga wannan lokacin, mutane sun haɓaka launin shuɗi, ja da koren sulfur akan wannan tushen.Hakanan, hanyar shirye-shirye da tsarin rini suma sun inganta sosai.Rinin sulfur mai narkewa da ruwa, rinayen sulfur na ruwa da rinayen sulfur mai dacewa da muhalli sun bayyana daya bayan daya, wanda hakan ya sa rinayen sulfur ke samun bunkasuwa.

Rinyun sulfur a halin yanzu suna ɗaya daga cikin rinayen da aka fi amfani da su.A cewar rahotanni, yawan rini na sulfur a duniya ya kai fiye da ton 100,000, kuma mafi mahimmancin nau'in nau'in sulfur baƙar fata.A halin yanzu, fitar da sulfur baki yana da kashi 75% ~ 85% na jimlar dyes sulfur.Saboda sauƙi mai sauƙi, ƙananan farashi, mai kyau da sauri kuma babu ciwon daji, yana da fifiko ta hanyar bugawa da rini.Ana amfani da shi sosai wajen rini na auduga da sauran zaruruwan cellulose, kuma jerin baƙar fata da shuɗi ne aka fi amfani da su.

Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na samar da masana'antu na dyes sulfur:

1) Hanyar yin burodi, yin burodin amines, phenols ko nitro mahadi na raw aromatic hydrocarbons tare da sulfur ko sodium polysulfide a babban zafin jiki don shirya launin rawaya, orange da launin ruwan sulfur dyes.

2) Hanyar tafasa, zafi da tafasa da amines, phenols ko nitro mahadi na raw aromatic hydrocarbons da sodium polysulfide a cikin ruwa ko kwayoyin kaushi don shirya baki, blue da kore sulfur dyes.

Rabewa

1) Powder vulcanization

2) vulcanization mai narkewar ruwa

3) Ruwan vulcanization

4) vulcanization na muhalli

5) Rage sulfur

6) Watsawa vulcanization

Tsarin Rini

Rinin sulfur nau'i ne na rini mai ɗauke da sulfur.Kwayar halittar ta ƙunshi haɗin sulfur wanda ya ƙunshi nau'ikan zarra guda biyu ko fiye da sulfur.Idan aka shafa, ana rage shi zuwa jikin leuco, ta yadda za a iya narkar da shi cikin ruwa a rina zaren.Halayen rini na sulfur sun bambanta da nau'in rini.Sulfur dyes suna da babban saurin wankewa da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.Duk da cewa saurin shafa da fayyace ba su kai rini mai amsawa ba, saurin tabonsu da saurin haske sun fi rini mai amsawa, kuma rini na sulfur suna amfani da ƙarancin gishiri kuma suna cinye ruwa kaɗan lokacin rini.kadan.Sulfur dyes su ne kwayoyin mahadi masu dauke da nitro da amino kungiyoyin, yawancin su suna samuwa ta hanyar amsawa da sulfur da sodium sulfide a babban zafin jiki.Yawancin rini na sulfur ba su da takamaiman tsarin sinadarai.Ka'idar rini na rini na sulfur yayi kama da na dyes vat.Suna samar da leucosomes masu narkewar ruwa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da zaruruwa don rina zaruruwa ta hanyar rage halayen sinadarai, sannan kuma suna ɗaure tam zuwa fibers ta hanyar iskar oxygen.

Rini na sulfur ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa, kuma ana buƙatar sodium sulfide ko wasu wakilai masu ragewa don rage rini zuwa leucosomes masu narkewa yayin rini.Yana da alaƙa da fiber kuma yana rina fiber, sannan ya dawo da yanayin da ba ya narkewa bayan oxidation da haɓaka launi kuma yana gyara fiber ɗin.Don haka rini na sulfur ma wani nau'in rini ne.Ana iya amfani da rini na sulfur don rina auduga, lilin, viscose da sauran zaruruwa.Tsarin masana'antu yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi, farashin yana da ƙananan, kuma yana iya rina launi ɗaya ko launuka masu gauraye.Yana da saurin haske mai kyau da rashin saurin lalacewa.Akwai rashin ja da shunayya a cikin bakan launi, kuma launin ya fi duhu, dace da rina launuka masu kauri.

Tsarin rini

Tsari:

Ana iya raba tsarin rini zuwa matakai huɗu masu zuwa:

1) Rage rini Abu ne mai sauƙi don narke rini na sulfur.Sodium sulfide ana amfani dashi azaman wakili mai ragewa, kuma yana aiki azaman wakili na alkali.Don hana jikin leuco daga hydrolyzed, soda ash da sauran abubuwa za a iya ƙara daidai, amma alkalinity na rage wanka bai kamata ya zama mai karfi ba, in ba haka ba rage yawan rini zai ragu.

2) Rini leuco a cikin maganin rini yana ɗaukar fiber.Leuco na rini na sulfur yana wanzuwa a cikin jihar anion a cikin maganin rini.Yana da kai tsaye zuwa fiber cellulose kuma ana iya tallata shi a saman fiber ɗin kuma a watsa shi cikin cikin fiber ɗin.Sulfur dye leuco yana da ƙananan kai tsaye zuwa fiber cellulose, gabaɗaya yana ɗaukar ƙaramin rabo na wanka, kuma yana ƙara daidaitattun electrolyte a lokaci guda, na iya ƙara yawan rini a mafi girman zafin jiki, da haɓaka rini da shigar ciki.

3) Maganin Oxidation Bayan an yi rina leuco na sulfur a kan fiber, dole ne a sanya shi oxidized don nuna launin da ake so.Oxidation mataki ne mai mahimmanci bayan rini da rini na sulfur.Bayan yin rini, ana iya yin amfani da dyes na sulfur mai sauƙi ta hanyar iska bayan wankewa da iska, wato, ana amfani da hanyar iskar oxygenation;ga wasu dyes na sulfur waɗanda ba a sauƙaƙe su ba, ana amfani da abubuwan da ake amfani da su don haɓaka oxidation.

4) Bayan sarrafawa Bayan sarrafawa ya haɗa da tsaftacewa, mai, anti-brittleness da gyaran launi, da dai sauransu. Dole ne a wanke rini na sulfur gabaɗaya bayan rini don rage ragowar sulfur akan masana'anta kuma ya hana masana'anta zama gaggautsa, saboda sulfur a ciki. rini da sulfur da ke cikin vulcanized alkali suna cikin sauƙi oxidized a cikin iska su samar da sulfuric acid, wanda zai haifar da acid hydrolysis ga cellulose fiber da kuma haifar da lalacewa.Rage ƙarfi kuma sanya fiber ya karye.Don haka, ana iya magance ta da abubuwan da ke hana kumburi, kamar: urea, trisodium phosphate, manne kashi, sodium acetate, da sauransu. Domin inganta hasken rana da saurin sabulun rini na sulfur, ana iya gyara shi bayan rini.Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na gyaran launi: maganin gishirin ƙarfe (kamar potassium dichromate, jan karfe sulfate, jan karfe acetate da gaurayawan wadannan salts) da kuma maganin gyaran launi na cationic (kamar mai gyara launi Y).A cikin samarwa, yana da kyau a yi amfani da wakili mai gyara launi M, wanda aka haɗa shi da ma'aunin launi na cationic da gishiri na jan karfe, wanda zai iya rage gurɓataccen gurɓataccen chromium.

Matsaloli:

Tsarin samar da dyes sulfur gajere ne, farashin yana da ƙasa, kuma saurin yana da kyau, amma saboda har yanzu yana da gazawa da matsaloli da yawa a cikin samarwa da aikace-aikacen gaske, har yanzu ba za a iya amfani da shi sosai a cikin yadudduka daban-daban ba.

Ana amfani da sodium sulfide a cikin aikace-aikacen dyes na sulfur, kuma yana da yawa.Ana amfani da wani ɓangare na sodium sulfide don rage rini, amma abin da ya wuce zai samar da ruwa mai dauke da sulfur.Ruwan dattin ruwa yana da babban abun ciki na sulfur.Ba za a iya cika ruwan sharar gida ba, kuma ingancin ruwan da ake fitarwa yana da wahala a cika buƙatun.Idan aka fitar da shi kai tsaye, za a fitar da sinadarin hydrogen sulfide, wanda zai haifar da illa ga kwayoyin halitta, sannan kuma zai lalata tsarin najasa da fitar da wari, wanda hakan kan cutar da lafiyar mutane (Rin da kansa yana da illa ga jikin dan Adam, babu wata illa ga jikin dan Adam). ga lafiyar mai amfani kuma an dauke shi rini mara guba).

Domin magance matsalar ruwan sha, masana'anta na bukatar kashe kudade masu yawa, wanda ba wai yana kara kudin da ake samarwa ba ne kawai, har ma da saukin samar da iskar gas mai guba ta hydrogen sulfide yayin aikin rini.Lokacin da ya kai wani matsayi a cikin iska, yana iya haifar da tashin hankali, bugun zuciya, tashin zuciya, da dai sauransu. Tabbas yana da haɗari.

Wannan yana daya daga cikin mahimman dalilai na raguwar dyes sulfur a hankali.Domin riniyoyin sulfur ba su narkewa a cikin ruwa, rinayen yadudduka ba su da juriya ga shafa kuma ba su da juriya ga bleaching na chlorine.Kuma saboda yawan adadin sulfide da ake amfani da shi don yin rini ya kasance a cikin abin da aka rini, samfurin da aka gama yana raguwa saboda iskar oxygen da ke samar da sulfate radicals yayin ajiya.Abubuwan rini na rini na sulfur baƙar fata da aka fi amfani da su yana karye yayin ajiya.Saboda rashin aiki mai kyau na rushewar sulfur rini, an haɓaka samfuran ruwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, amma an rage su ne kawai dyes na sulfur da aka riga aka rage.Rinyan sulfur na yau da kullun abubuwa ne masu haɗari tare da ƙaƙƙarfan alkalinity da wari, rashin kwanciyar hankali na ajiya, sauƙin tabo da wahalar wankewa saboda kusancinsu da abubuwa.Rini na sulfur yana buƙatar ragewa kuma a narkar da su kafin rini zaruruwa, kuma matakan aikin bayan jiyya suna da wahala, kuma duk tsarin rini yana da ɗan rikitarwa.Rini yadudduka yawanci iyakance ga cellulose zaruruwa kamar auduga.Inuwar rini na sulfur ba ta da ƙarfi, baƙar fata ita ce mafi mahimmancin nau'in launi, sannan kuma shuɗi, zaitun da launin ruwan kasa, yana da wahala a iya biyan bukatun mutane a cikin al'umma na zamani don wadata da launuka masu launi.

Magani:

Kamar yadda wasu ƙasashe ke hana wasu rinayen azo mai cutar kansa.Haɓaka sabbin rini na sulfur, musamman rinayen sulfur mai narkewa da ruwa, kuma za su sami fa'ida mai fa'ida ga filayen furotin.

A halin yanzu, kashi 90% na rini na sulfur na duniya har yanzu suna amfani da sodium sulfide, kuma ya wuce gona da iri.Ana amfani da wani ɓangare na sodium sulfide don rage rini, amma abin da ya wuce zai samar da ruwa mai dauke da sulfur.Fitar da shi kai tsaye zai gurbata muhalli.Ci gaba da haɓaka rini na sulfur zai maye gurbin da ake amfani da shi a halin yanzu rage rage sodium sulfide.Dangane da haka, dole ne karuwar farashin ya kasance daidai da farashin da ake kashewa na kula da ruwa mai dauke da sulfur ta hanyar chlorination.Yayin da buƙatun mutane na muhalli ke ƙaruwa, kare muhalli yana ƙara zama mahimmanci.Wajibi ne don aiwatar da zaɓin yanayin muhalli na rage wakilai da wakilai na oxidizing don rini na sulfur.Hakanan, yin amfani da rini na sulfur waɗanda ba su ƙunshi sulfur ko sulfur kaɗan ba na iya sanya aikace-aikacen rini na sulfur ya zama tsari mai dacewa da muhalli.Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don ƙara yawan rini da rini na amfani da rini na sulfur rini, ta yadda za a rage ragowar adadin rini a cikin ruwa mai datti.

Ma'anar yawan rini ya ƙunshi abubuwa biyu:

1) Adadin adsorption na rini a cikin ruwan inabi ta fuskar fiber;

2) Yawan yaɗuwar rini a cikin barasa mai rini daga saman fiber ɗin zuwa cikin fiber ɗin.

Sulfur dyes ba su narkewa a cikin ruwa kuma dole ne a rage su gaba ɗaya kuma a narkar da su tare da wakili mai ragewa kafin rini.Don ƙaramin adadin dyes na sulfur tare da manyan barbashi da ƙarancin narkewa, dole ne a motsa su ko ma a tafasa su bayan ƙara sodium sulfide don taimakawa rini ɗin su narke sosai.A gefe guda kuma, ana canza fiber cellulose don ƙara yawan ƙungiyoyin da aka haɗa tare da rini, ta yadda za a inganta yawan amfani da rini.

l Kariya ga sodium sulfide

Mai haɗari

a) Haɗarin Lafiya: Wannan samfur na iya lalata hydrogen sulfide a cikin sashin gastrointestinal, kuma yana iya haifar da guba na hydrogen sulfide bayan gudanar da baki.Mai lalacewa ga fata da idanu.

b) Hatsarin Muhalli: Mai haɗari ga muhalli.

c) Haɗarin fashewa: Wannan samfurin yana da ƙonewa, yana da lalacewa sosai kuma yana da ban tsoro, kuma yana iya haifar da kuna ga jikin mutum.

Agajin gaggawa

a) Haɗuwa da fata: Nan da nan cire gurɓataccen tufafi kuma ku kurkura da ruwa mai yawa na akalla mintuna 15.Nemi kulawar likita.

b) Tuntuɓar idanu: Nan da nan daga fatar ido kuma a wanke sosai tare da ruwa mai yawa ko gishiri na yau da kullun na akalla mintuna 15.Nemi kulawar likita.

c) Inhalation: Ka nisa daga wurin da sauri zuwa iska mai kyau.Ci gaba da hanyar iska a bude.Idan numfashi yana da wahala, ba da iskar oxygen.Idan ba numfashi ba, ba da numfashi na wucin gadi nan da nan.Nemi kulawar likita.

d) Ciki: A wanke baki da ruwa, a ba da madara ko farin kwai.Nemi kulawar likita.

Matakan kashe gobara

a) Halayen haɗari: abu mai anhydrous abu ne da ba zato ba tsammani zai iya konewa, kuma ƙurarsa yana da sauƙi don ƙonewa a cikin iska.Yana rubewa idan akwai acid kuma yana fitar da iskar gas mai guba da ƙonewa.Foda da iska na iya haifar da gaurayawan fashewar abubuwa.Maganin sa na ruwa yana da lalata kuma yana da ban tsoro.Yana fara ƙafe a 100 ° C, kuma tururi na iya lalata gilashin.

b) Abubuwan ƙonewa masu haɗari: hydrogen sulfide, sulfur oxides.

c) Hanyar kashe wuta: Yi amfani da ruwa, fesa ruwa, yashi don kashe wuta.

Gudanar da zube

a) Maganin gaggawa: keɓe gurɓataccen wurin da ya zazzage kuma a hana shiga.Ana ba da shawarar cewa ma'aikatan gaggawa su sanya abin rufe fuska na kura (cikakken abin rufe fuska) da kayan aikin rigakafin acid da alkali.Shigar da rukunin yanar gizon daga sama.

b) Ƙananan ɗigo: kauce wa tayar da ƙura, tattara tare da felu mai tsabta a cikin busassun busassun, mai tsabta tare da murfin.Hakanan za'a iya wanke shi da ruwa mai yawa, sannan a tsoma ruwan da aka wanke a saka shi cikin tsarin ruwan sharar gida.

c) Yawan zubewa: tattara da sake sarrafa su ko jigilar kaya zuwa wurin zubar da shara don zubarwa.

ajiya ajiya

a) Kula da Kariya: Rufe aiki.Dole ne ma'aikata su sami horo na musamman kuma su bi ƙa'idodin aiki sosai.Ana ba da shawarar cewa masu aiki su sanya abin rufe fuska na tace kura, gilashin kare lafiyar sinadarai, robar acid da tufafi masu juriya, da safofin hannu na robar acid da alkali.Nisantar wuta da wuraren zafi, kuma an haramta shan taba a wurin aiki.Yi amfani da tsarin iska da kayan aiki masu hana fashewa.Ka guji haifar da ƙura.Kauce wa lamba tare da oxidizing jamiái da acid.Lokacin sarrafawa, ɗauka da saukewa da sauƙi don hana lalacewa ga marufi da kwantena.An sanye shi da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan aikin kashe gobara da kayan aikin jinya na gaggawa.Kwantena mara komai na iya zama rago masu lahani.

b) Kariya don ajiya: Ajiye a cikin ɗakin ajiya mai sanyi, mai iska.Ka nisantar da wuta da tushen zafi.Zai fi dacewa zafi a ɗakin karatu bai wuce 85% ba.An rufe kunshin.Ya kamata a adana shi daban daga oxidants da acid, kuma kada a adana shi tare.Kada a adana shi na dogon lokaci don guje wa lalacewa.An sanye shi da iri-iri masu dacewa da adadin kayan wuta.Wuraren ajiya ya kamata a sanye su da kayan da suka dace don dauke da zubewa.

l Kariya don marufi da sufuri

1. Hanyar shiryawa: Saka shi a cikin ganguna na karfe 0.5 mm mai kauri da kuma hatimi sosai, kuma nauyin net na kowane ganga kada ya wuce 100 kg;kwalaben gilashin dunƙule, hular ƙarfe crimped kwalabe gilashi, kwalabe filastik ko kwalayen katako na yau da kullun a waje da ganguna na ƙarfe (gwangwani);Gilashin gilashin dunƙule, kwalban filastik ko gwangwani na bakin ƙarfe na bakin ciki (gwani) an rufe shi da akwatin bene, akwatin fiberboard ko akwatin plywood;gwangwani na bakin ciki na ƙarfe na ƙarfe (gwangwani), ganga na ƙarfe (gwangwani), kwalban filastik ko bututun ƙarfe Akwatin corrugated na waje.

2. Kariyar sufuri: Lokacin da ake jigilar su ta jirgin ƙasa, ana iya jigilar ganguna na ƙarfe ta buɗaɗɗen mota.Lokacin da ake jigilar kaya ta hanyar dogo, ya kamata a tattara shi daidai da teburin hada-hadar kayayyaki masu haɗari a cikin "Dokokin jigilar kayayyaki masu haɗari" da Ma'aikatar Railways ta bayar.Ya kamata marufi ya zama cikakke kuma abin lodi ya kamata ya kasance amintacce a lokacin jigilar kaya.A lokacin sufuri, wajibi ne a tabbatar da cewa kwandon ba ya zube, rushewa, fadi ko lalacewa.An haramta shi sosai don haɗawa da jigilar kaya tare da oxidants, acid, sinadarai na abinci, da sauransu. Lokacin da ake jigilar kaya, abin hawa ya kamata a sanye shi da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan aikin kashe gobara da kayan aikin jinya na gaggawa.

A ƙarshe, Wit-Stone ta yi alƙawarin cewa za ta samar muku da ingantattun kayayyaki masu inganci da ingantattun ayyuka.Ma'aikatanmu za su kasance kan layi awanni 24 a rana don amsa tambayoyinku.Idan kuna son sanin wani abu, da fatan za a tuntuɓe mu!

Lokacin aikawa: Maris 21-2023

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